More than 660 Citations in Journals, Treatises, and Similar Materials in WESTLAW to Works by Peter Tillers

Cal. Jury Instr.--Crim. 2.50.01 California Jury Instructions--Criminal Spring 2008 Edition The Committee On California Criminal Jury Instructions Part 2. Evidence and Guides for Its Consideration B. Evaluation of Evidence (c) Other Evidence CALJIC 2.50.01 Evidence of Other Sexual Offenses

... this instruction must be limited to those crimes. COMMENT Evidence Code § 1108. In 1A Wigmore on Evidence, § 55.1 (Tillers rev. 1983), it is stated that "whenever resort is had to a person's past conduct or acts as the basis ...

Cal. Jury Instr.--Crim. 2.50.02 California Jury Instructions--Criminal Spring 2008 Edition The Committee On California Criminal Jury Instructions Part 2. Evidence and Guides for Its Consideration B. Evaluation of Evidence (c) Other Evidence CALJIC 2.50.02 Evidence of Other Domestic Violence(2005 Revision)

... Evidence (4th ed. 2000) Circumstantial Evidence, § 98; Penal Code § 13700(a), (b). In 1A Wigmore on Evidence, § 55.1 (Tillers rev. 1983), it is stated that "whenever resort is had to a person's past conduct or acts as the basis ...

3 Patry on Copyright § 9:42 Patry on Copyright Database updated March 2008 William F. Patry Chapter 9. The Reproduction Right II. Elements of a Prima Facie Case of Infringement of the Reproduction Right § 9:42. Striking similarity--Striking similarity is illogical

... Common Sense? Cautionary Tales For Travelers Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries" in The Dynamics of Judicial Proof 55 (Marilyn MacCrimmon and Peter Tillers eds. 2002), and Allen, "Common Sense, Rationality and the Legal Process" reproduced id. at 43. [FN5] Lewis Carroll wrote at ...

...Dynamics of Judicial Proof 197, 198-199 (Marilyn MacCrimmon and Peter Tillers eds. 2002). The validity of striking similarity as an inference is, I assert, fatally undermined ab initio because of the ...

3 Patry on Copyright § 9:85 Patry on Copyright Database updated March 2008 William F. Patry Chapter 9. The Reproduction Right II. Elements of a Prima Facie Case of Infringement of the Reproduction Right § 9:85. What cognitive scientists can teach us about similarity

... Application to Legal Reasoning: A Comment to Professor Zadeb," in The Dynamics of Judicial Proof 119 (Marilyn MacCrimmon and Peter Tillers, eds. 2002). Cf. Shapira, Fuzzy Logic and Its Application to Legal Reasoning: A Reply to Professor Zadeh, id. at 119. ...

6 Patry on Copyright § 22:55 Patry on Copyright Database updated March 2008 William F. Patry Chapter 22. Remedies II. Preliminary Injunctions D. Evaluation of the Four Factors § 22:55. Presumption of irreparable harm and its disastrous impact on decision making--Algebraic models: American Hospital Supply Corp. v. Hospital Products Ltd.

... Swygert overemphasized the importance of quantification in Judge Posner's formula and in mathematical attempts to deal with uncertainty. Professor Peter Tillers has effectively debunked such mistakes in discussing similar efforts to apply probability theories in the law of evidence: An emphasis ...

... Eyes, 17 J. Contemp. Health L. & Policy xxxi (Winter 2000), quoting Lawson Prods., 782 F.2d at 1433-1434. [FN28] Peter Tillers, Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: Introduction, 66 B.U.L. Rev. 381, 384-385 (1986). [FN29] Sheldon S. Chang, On ...

94 Va. L. Rev. 79 Virginia Law Review March, 2008 Article OVERCOMING PROCEDURAL BOUNDARIES Issachar Rosen-Zvi [FNa1] Talia Fisher [FNaa1]

... 90 Colum. L. Rev. 1716 (1990) (arguing that jury instructions defining reasonable doubt should always be given). But see Peter Tillers & Jonathan Gottfried, United States v. Copeland: 369 F. Supp. 2d 275 (E.D.N.Y. 2005): A Collateral Attack on the Legal Maxim ....

3 Neb. Prac., Mangrum Neb. Evid. Section 27-401 (2008 ed.) Nebraska Practice Series TM Mangrum On Nebraska Evidence Current through the 2008 Update R. Collin Mangrum [FNa0] Article IV. Nebraska's Evidentiary Rules on Relevancy Section 27-401. Relevant Evidence, Defined

... 185, 188, 422 N.W.2d 53, 55 (1988) (citing 1 A.J. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 37.4 (P. Tillers rev. 1983)); State v. Ryan, 226 Neb. 59, 409 N.W.2d 579 (1987)). [FN13] State v. Miner, 265 Neb. 778, 786, ...

Ga. Rules Of Evidence § 6.1 (2d ed.) Georgia Rules Of Evidence Current through 2007-2008 Pocket Part Paul S. Milich[FNa0] Part 3. Relevancy Chapter 6. General Concepts of Relevancy § 6.1. Relevance--In general

... Inc. v. Brackett, 106 Ga.App. 862, 873, 128 S.E.2d 642, 650 (1962). See also, 1A Wigmore on Evidence, § 24 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN17] See e.g., White v. State, 163 Ga.App. 179, 292 S.E.2d 875 (1982). [FN18] See § 7.1, below. ...

Ga. Rules Of Evidence § 11.1 (2d ed.) Georgia Rules Of Evidence Current through 2007-2008 Pocket Part Paul S. Milich[FNa0] Part 3. Relevancy Chapter 11. Character Evidence § 11.1. Character evidence--In general

...[FN2] Grannemann v. Salley, 95 Ga.App. 778, 780, 99 S.E.2d 338, 340 (1957). [FN3] 1A Wigmore on Evidence, § 58.2 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN4] 1A Wigmore on Evidence, § 58.2 (Tillers rev. 1983); see also, 9 Wigmore on Evidence, § 2483 ...

...[FN8] See generally, 1A Wigmore on Evidence, §§ 53-57, § 194 (Tillers rev. 1983); Michelson v. United States, 335 U.S. 469, 475-76, 69 S.Ct. 213, 218- 19, 93 L.Ed. 168 (1948) ("The ...

13B Ind. Prac., Courtroom Handbook On Ind. Evid. R 406 (2008 ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Courtroom Handbook On Indiana Evidence Current through the 2008 Edition Robert L. Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 406. Habit; routine practice

... to an alleged transaction as proof of the nature of the transaction at issue. 1A WIGMORE § 94, at 1631-1632 (Tillers rev. 1983); 2 WEINSTEIN § 406.03[5] at 406-10 to 406- 10.1 (2d ed. 2006). Some courts hold that one party's ...

14B Mass. Prac., Summary Of Basic Law § 10.66 (3d ed.) Massachusetts Practice Series TM Summary of Basic Law Current through the 2007 BV and 2008 PP Howard J. Alperin[FNa2], Lawrence D. Shubow[FNa3], Pocket Part By Howard J. Alperin Chapter 10. Evidence E. Relevancy (3) Other Matters § 10.66. Habit and customary practice

... Wright and Graham, Federal Practice and Procedure: Evidence (West Group, 1980), § 5277, p. 82. [FN8] See 1A Wigmore, Evidence, Tillers Revision (Little, Brown and Co., 1983), § 93, n. 1, listing the states with rules patterned on Fed.R.Evid. 406. [FN9] ...

...[FN10] 1A Wigmore, Evidence, Tillers Revision (Little, Brown and Co., 1983), § 92. [FN11] Supreme Judicial Court, Announcement Concerning the Proposed Massachusetts Rules of Evidence, ...

5 Wash. Prac., Evidence Law and Practice § 101.10 (5th ed.) Washington Practice Series TM Evidence Law and Practice Current Through the 2008 Update Karl B. Tegland[FNa0] Chapter 1. General Provisions Rule 101. Scope Author's Commentary § 101.10 Law review articles and other commentary on evidence generally

... Evidence, 74 Iowa L.J. 413-466 (1989). Handler, The Judicial Pursuit of Knowledge: Truth and/or Justice, 41 Rutgers L.Rev. 1-26 (1988). Tillers & Schum, Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore, 9 Cardozo L.Rev. 907-966 (1988). Oakley & Coon, The Federal Rules ...

... and Thomas Dillickrath, 55 U. Miami L. Rev. 527- 1125 (2001). Symposium: Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Proof. Introduction by Peter Tillers; articles by John A. Barnden, Donald M. Peterson, Zdzislaw Pawlak, Ronald J. Allen, Marilyn MacCrimmon, David A. Schum, Paolo Garbolino, ...

... Would Not Make For Good Philosophy of Evidence, 1997 B.Y.U. L. Rev. 803-819. Symposium on Evidence Scholarship. Introduction by Peter Tillers; articles by Ariel Porat, Alex Stein, Richard D. Friedman, Johan Bring, Colin Aitken, Christian Borgelt and Rudolf Kruse, 18 Cardozo ...

13.

5 Wash. Prac., Evidence Law and Practice § 104.13 (5th ed.) Washington Practice Series TM Evidence Law and Practice Current Through the 2008 Update Karl B. Tegland[FNa0] Chapter 1. General Provisions Rule 104. Preliminary Questions Author's Commentary § 104.13 Law review articles and other commentary on Rule 104

... Mich. L. Rev. 419-465 (1995). Friedman, Richard D., Conditional Probative Value: Neoclassicism Without Myth, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 439-477 (1994). Tillers, Peter, Response: Exaggerated and Misleading Reports of the Death of Conditional Relevance, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 478-484 (1994). Note, Preliminary ...

5 Wash. Prac., Evidence Law and Practice § 404.37 (5th ed.) Washington Practice Series TM Evidence Law and Practice Current Through the 2008 Update Karl B. Tegland[FNa0] Chapter 4. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Author's Commentary Rule 404(b) Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts § 404.37 Law review articles and other commentary on Rule 404

... 763-811. Alprin, Katherine J., Character Evidence in the Quasi-Criminal Trial: An Argument For Admissibility, 73 Tul. L. Rev. 2073-2093 (1999). Tillers, Peter, What is Wrong With Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781-834 (1998). Mendez, Miguel A., Character Evidence Reconsidered: "People Do ...

15.

5B Wash. Prac., Evidence Law and Practice § 801.56 (5th ed.) Washington Practice Series TM Evidence Law and Practice Current Through the 2008 Update Karl B. Tegland[FNa0] Chapter 8. Hearsay Rule 801. Hearsay Definitions Author's Commentary C. Admissions by Party-Opponent § 801.56 Constitutional restrictions on the use of admissions and confessions; related restrictions

... 183 (illegally obtained evidence for impeachment) (two-volume 4th ed.). [FN8] Restrictions do not apply 3 Wigmore on Evidence § 815 (Tillers rev. 1983). © 2008 Thomson/West 5B WAPRAC § 801.56 ...

36 Sw. U. L. Rev. 853 Southwestern University Law Review 2008 Articles AN ESSAY ON: OF JUDGES AND JURIES [FN1] REVISITED IN THE CONTEXT OF CERTAIN PRELIMINARY FACT QUESTIONS DETERMINING THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE UNDER FEDERAL AND CALIFORNIA RULES OF EVIDENCE Norman M. Garland [FNa1]

... L. Rev. 871 (1992), Richard D. Friedman, Conditional Probative Value: Neoclassicism Without Myth, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 439 (1994); Peter Tillers, Exaggerated and Misleading Reports of the Death of Conditional Relevance, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 478 (1994); and Craig R. Callen, ...

36 Sw. U. L. Rev. 879 Southwestern University Law Review 2008 Articles ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE TO PROVE UNDISPUTED FACTS: A COMPARISON OF THE CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE CODE § 210 AND FEDERAL RULE OF EVIDENCE 401 Mark Cammack [FNa1]

... lacking legal relevancy"); see also 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 28, at 969 (Peter Tillers rev., Little Brown and Co. 1983) (1904) (introducing for the first time the term "legally relevant"). [FN22]. George F. James, ...

1 Moy's Walker on Patents § 4:13 (4th ed.) Moy's Walker on Patents Database updated December 2007 R. Carl Moy Part II. Patentability and Validity Chapter 4. Patent Claims II. Claim Theory A. Central vs. Peripheral Claiming § 4:13. The mechanics of claim interpretation--The identity of the decision maker--Law vs. fact--Law and fact generally

... generally, e.g., Weiner, The Civil Jury Trial, 54 Cal. L. Rev. 1867, 1868-71; 1 Wigmore on Evidence § 1 n.2 (Tillers ed. 1983). [FN2] E.g., 2 Restatement (Second) of Torts § 328C (1965); George C. Christie, Judicial Review of Findings of ...

2 Moy's Walker on Patents § 8:261 (4th ed.) Moy's Walker on Patents Database updated December 2007 R. Carl Moy Part II. Patentability and Validity Chapter 8. Lack of Anticipation IV. Timing of Event B. Paragraph 102(b)--Novelty in Relation to Filing Date of Application § 8:261. Experimental use--Law vs. fact

... The Civil Jury Trial and the Law-Fact Distinction, 54 Cal. L. Rev. 1867 (1966); 1 Wigmore on Evidence § 1 (Tillers ed. 1983). [FN5] Lough v. Brunswick Corp., 103 F.3d 1517, 1520, 1524, 41 U.S.P.Q.2d (BNA) 1385 (Fed. Cir. 1997) (declining ...

86 Tex. L. Rev. 347 Texas Law Review December, 2007 Book Review ON MISSHAPEN STONES AND CRIMINAL LAW'S EPISTEMOLOGY Truth, Error, and Criminal Law: An Essay in Legal Epistemology. By Larry Laudan. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. 254. $75.00. Michael S. Pardo [FNa1]

... Standard of Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt: A Comment on Three Comments, 5 Law Probability & Risk 267 (2006); Peter Tillers & Jonathan Gottfried, Case Comment --United States v. Copeland, 369 F. Supp. 2d 275 (E.D.N.Y. 2005): A Collateral Attack on the ...

6 Law, Probability & Risk 1 Law, Probability & Risk March/December, 2007 Article INTRODUCTION: VISUALIZING EVIDENCE AND INFERENCE IN LEGAL SETTINGS Peter Tillers [FNd1]

...March/December, 2007 Article INTRODUCTION: VISUALIZING EVIDENCE AND INFERENCE IN LEGAL SETTINGS Peter Tillers [FNd1] Professor of Law, Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, New York, USA Copyright © 2007 by Oxford University Press; ...

... Professor of Law, Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, New York, USA Copyright © 2007 by Oxford University Press; Peter Tillers By now it is an old story: legal scholarship in the English-speaking world about the law of evidence began to ...

6 Law, Probability & Risk 23 Law, Probability & Risk March/December, 2007 Article THE RATIONALE FOR RATIONALE™ Tim van Gelder [FNd1]

... other parts of the argument moved aside to accommodate that line. Another aspect of this layout is worth mentioning. Peter Tillers (2005) has described the importance, in comprehending complex reasoning, of being able to focus attention on a particular part without losing ...

... of argumentation. Argumentation, 14, 447-473. SPADE, P. (1988). Lies, Language and Logic in the Late Middle Ages. London: Variorum Reprints. TILLERS, P. (2005). Picturing factual inference in legal settings. In B. Schünemann & M.-T. Tinnefeld & R. Wittman (Eds.), Gerechtigkeitwissenschaft: Kolloquium ...

23.

6 Law, Probability & Risk 145 Law, Probability & Risk March/December, 2007 Article SENSE-MAKING SOFTWARE FOR CRIME INVESTIGATION: HOW TO COMBINE STORIES AND ARGUMENTS? Floris Bex Susan van den Braak, Herre van Oostendorp Henry Prakken [FNd1] Bart Verheij Gerard Vreeswijk

... a case in terms of arguments on the relevance of evidence to the various hypotheses using common knowledge (Schum and Tillers, 1991). With such a programme, the user could visualize his reasoning in various ways (graphs, tables, forms) and explore its ...

... of building arguments from the available evidence to the hypotheses by applying commonsense generalizations (Anderson and Twining, 1991; Schum and Tillers, 1991). In this method, causal statements (for instance, the shooting has caused the appearance of gun powder) are often inverted ...

... generalizations has been emphasized in two recent research strands in legal theory, 'NET' (e.g. Anderson and Twining, 1991; Schum and Tillers, 1991) and 'ANT' (Wagenaar et al., 1993). Both approaches stress the importance of empirical generalizations in reasoning about evidence but ...

24.

6 Law, Probability & Risk 169 Law, Probability & Risk March/December, 2007 Article ARGUMENTATION, STORIES AND GENERALIZATIONS: A COMMENT William Twining [FNd1]

... complexities of practical inferential reasoning and argumentation in legal contexts. Acknowledgements I am grateful to Terry Anderson, David Schum, Peter Tillers and participants at the Cardozo Conference in January 2007 for helpful comments and suggestions. REFERENCES ANDERSON, T., SCHUM, D. AND ...

... White Teeth (New York: Random House). STONE, JULIUS (1959) 'The Ratio of the Ratio Decidendi', 22 Modern L. Rev. 597. TILLERS, PETER (1983) 'Modern Theories of Relevancy', reprinted from 1A Wigmore Treatise (Tillers rev. 1983), s. 37 (Boston: Little, Brown). TILLERS, ...

... Brown). TILLERS, PETER AND DAVID SCHUM (1988) 'Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore', 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 907. TILLERS, PETER AND DAVID SCHUM (1991) 'A Theory of Preliminary Fact Investigation', 24 U. C. Davis L. Rev. 931. TWINING, WILLIAM ...

25.

6 Law, Probability & Risk 187 Law, Probability & Risk March/December, 2007 Article ARGUMENTATION SUPPORT SOFTWARE: BOXES-AND-ARROWS AND BEYOND Bart Verheij [FNd1]

... the Argue! system that I developed before the ArguMed system allows cycles. [FN3]. The conference was excellently organized by Peter Tillers, Henry Prakken, Thomas D. Cobb and Jonathan Gottfried. Further details are available at http://tillers.net/conference.html (page visited on 8 February 2007). ...

6 Law, Probability & Risk 209 Law, Probability & Risk March/December, 2007 Article CAN YOU HAVE TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING? A COMMENT ON BART VERHEIJ'S LEGAL ARGUMENTATION SUPPORT SOFTWARE Burkhard Schafer [FNd1]

... teach judges. More than 50 years later little has changed. With few exceptions such as the courses by Twining and Tillers, legal education still focuses on issues of legal interpretation in 'landmark' cases decided by the higher courts, even though in ...

... may be illuminating at this point to compare Verheij's approach with the use of diagram charts by the 'new Wigmoreans' (Tillers and Schum, 1988; Anderson et al., 2005). They move some of this issue away from the diagrams themselves to the ...

... K. & OBERLANDER, J. (1995), A cognitive theory of graphical and linguistic reasoning: logic and implementation, Cognitive Science 19, 97-140. TILLERS, P. & SCHUM, D. (1988), Charting new territory in judicial proof: beyond wigmore, Cardozo Law Review 9, 907-966. TWINING, W. ...

6 Law, Probability & Risk 225 Law, Probability & Risk March/December, 2007 Article GRAPHICAL MANIPULATION OF EVIDENCE IN STRUCTURED ARGUMENTS John D. Lowrance [FNd1]

... (3) surrender (4) in writing of (5) a legal claim or potential legal claim (6) in exchange for legal consideration (Tillers, 2002). Here the claim/defense could be captured as the root node in a unidimensional template, directly supported by nodes representing ...

... paper, providing me with some perspective on potential legal applications of these techniques. Finally, I want to thank Prof. Peter Tillers who first engaged me regarding the potential applicability of these techniques to legal reasoning and for his assistance and guidance ...

... 2005 Angler: Collaboratively Expanding Your Cognitive Horizon. Proceeding of the International Conference on Intelligence Analysis, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia. TILLERS, P. (2002) Notes on Legal Marshalling Fact Investigation, Cardozo Law School, New York, http://tillers.net/fi-course/legalmarshal.html. TOUMLIN, S. 1958 The Uses of ...

6 Law, Probability & Risk 319 Law, Probability & Risk March/December, 2007 Article COMMENT ON THE CARDOZO CONFERENCE ON GRAPHIC AND VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF EVIDENCE AND INFERENCE IN LEGAL SETTINGS Ron Loui [FNd1]

... address these questions here. They are such important questions that the conference could not have avoided them, especially after Peter Tillers endeavoured to throw together formalists and informalists, theoretical and practical people, to decide the fate of the evidence visualization tools ...

82 Tul. L. Rev. 119 Tulane Law Review November, 2007 Article TESTIMONY Michael S. Pardo [FNa1]

... extrajudicial utterance as an assertion to evidence the fact asserted. Such a use would be testimonial ...." (citation omitted)); Peter Tillers & David Schum, Hearsay Logic, 76 Minn. L. Rev. 813, 815 (1992) ( "[L]ike Wigmore, we believe that a theory of ...

1 Wharton's Criminal Evidence § 4:18 (15th ed.) Wharton's Criminal Evidence Database updated November 2007 Barbara E. Bergman and Nancy Hollander Part One. Analysis Chapter 4. Relevance III. CHARACTER EVIDENCE § 4:18. Generally

... L. Rev. 529, 583 n.3 (1994). [FN39] IA Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law, § 54.1, at 1150-51 (Peter Tillers revised ed., 1983). [FN40] IA Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law, § 58.2, at 1215 (Peter Tillers revised ed., ...

1 Wharton's Criminal Evidence § 4:42 (15th ed.) Wharton's Criminal Evidence Database updated November 2007 Barbara E. Bergman and Nancy Hollander Part One. Analysis Chapter 4. Relevance V. SPECIAL RELEVANCY RULES § 4:42. Sexual assault/child molestation: evidence of similar crimes [FN71]

... violate due process or equal protection). [FN76] IA Wigmore, Evidence at Trials at Common Law § 58.2 at 1213 (Peter Tillers revised ed., 1983). [FN77] Writing before the rules were enacted, Professor Imwinkelried said that the "enactment of Rule 413 would ...

31 Colum. J.L. & Arts 1 Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts Fall 2007 POETIC (IN)JUSTICE? RAP MUSIC LYRICS AS ART, LIFE, AND CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Andrea L. Dennis [FNa1]

... with Unconscious Racism, 39 Stan. L. Rev. 317 (1987); (2) whether group to individual evidentiary character inferences are appropriate, see Tillers on Evidence and Inference, http://tillerstillers.blogspot.com (Dec. 12, 2006, 10:28 EST) (questioning "whether group-to-individual inferences are less odious as well as ...

5 N.Y.Prac., Evidence in New York State and Federal Courts § 8:94 New York Practice Series - Evidence in New York State and Federal Courts Database updated October 2007 Robert A. Barker and Vincent C. Alexander Chapter 8. Hearsay IV. Hearsay Statements Admissible If Declarant Unavailable E. Residual Hearsay Exception § 8:94. New York

... that they must be rejected as worthless if the test is unavailable. 2 J. Wigmore, Evidence § 8c, at 644 (Tillers rev.ed.1983), quoted in Ortiz, 119 Misc.2d at 574, 463 N.Y.S.2d at 715-16 (emphasis in original). [FN17] It was because the ...

34.

Examination of Witnesses § 5:49 (2d. ed.) Examination of Witnesses Database updated August 2007 Kenneth M. Mogill Chapter 5. Witness Examination--General III. Direct Examination E. Character Witnesses § 5:49. Evidentiary considerations

... Ed. 2d 771, 780, 25 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 1 (1988). [FN7] Fed. R. Evid. 404(a)(1). Wigmore, Evidence, § 56 (Tillers Rev Ed); McCormick, Handbook of the Law of Evidence (3d ed.) § 191. [FN8] Fed. R. Evid. 404(a)(1). ...

35.

Examination of Witnesses § 5:160 (2d. ed.) Examination of Witnesses Database updated August 2007 Kenneth M. Mogill Chapter 5. Witness Examination--General VII. Objections A. In General § 5:160. Purposes of objections

...[FN12] See Fed. R. Evid. 103(a). [FN13] See Fed. R. Evid. 103(d). [FN14] Wigmore, Evidence, § 18 (Tillers Rev Ed); Wright, Miller & Cooper, Federal Practice and Procedure, Evidence § 5036; Lilly, An Introduction to the Law of ...

36.

Examination of Witnesses § 5:161 (2d. ed.) Examination of Witnesses Database updated August 2007 Kenneth M. Mogill Chapter 5. Witness Examination--General VII. Objections A. In General § 5:161. Timeliness of objections

...[FN4] Fed. R. Evid. 103(a)(1). See also Cal. Evid. Code § 353. [FN5] Wigmore, Evidence, § 18 (Tillers Rev Ed); McCormick, Handbook of the Law of Evidence (3d ed.) § 52. Nehring v. Smith, 243 Iowa 225, 49 ...

37.

Examination of Witnesses § 5:162 (2d. ed.) Examination of Witnesses Database updated August 2007 Kenneth M. Mogill Chapter 5. Witness Examination--General VII. Objections A. In General § 5:162. Object of objections; testimony, questions, exhibits

... feasibility of marking the area. Id. at 1064. [FN8] See § 7:8. Fed. R. Evid. 105. Wigmore, Evidence, § 13 (Tillers Rev Ed); McCormick, Handbook of the Law of Evidence (3d ed.) § 59. [FN9] Fed. R. Evid. 901(a). ...

38.

5 Maryland Evidence, § 104:2 Maryland Evidence, State & Federal Database updated August 2007 Lynn McLain Chapter 1. General Provisions 104. Division of Labor between Judge and Jury § 104:2. Preliminary facts

... 77 (1989); Laughlin, Preliminary Questions of Fact: A New Theory, 31 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 285 (1974). But see Tillers, Exaggerated and Misleading Reports of The Death of Conditional Relevance, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 478 (1994). [FN6] Ball, The Myth ...

53 Loy. L. Rev. 217 Loyola Law Review Summer 2007 Comments "FOR IT MUST SEEM THEIR GUILT": DILUTING REASONABLE DOUBT BY REJECTING THE REASONABLE HYPOTHESIS OF INNOCENCE STANDARD Julie Schmidt Chauvin

... should be attributed to each); 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 24, at 944 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (noting that with direct evidence, "the basis of inference is the assertion of a human being as to ...

53 Wayne L. Rev. 295 Wayne Law Review Spring, 2007 Article EVIDENCE M. Bryan Schneider [FNd1]

... Mich. R. Evid. 404(b)(2). [FN247]. 1A JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 58.2, at 1212 (Peter Tillers ed., rev. 1983); see also, Michelson v. United States, 335 U.S. 469, 475-76 (1948). [FN248]. See People v. Zackowitz, 172 ...

75 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 461 George Washington Law Review April, 2007 Article CUSTOMIZED LITIGATION: THE CASE FOR MAKING CIVIL PROCEDURE NEGOTIABLE Michael L. Moffitt [FNa1]

... the concept of justice. See, e.g., 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 7a n.2 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983) ("[W]e have an old-fashioned belief that the forms of justice should not be bartered and sold and since, ...

12 Berkeley J. Crim. L. 1 Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law Spring 2007 Article CONFESSIONS AND HARMLESS ERROR: A NEW ARGUMENT FOR THE OLD APPROACH Alan Hirsch [FNd1]

... point with respect to character evidence, which is often excluded on the ground that jurors cannot evaluate it properly. Peter Tillers, What Is Wrong with Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781, 790 (1998) ("There is no good reason to believe that ...

13 Rich. J.L. & Tech. 10 Richmond Journal of Law and Technology Spring, 2007 Articles INFORMATION INFLATION: CAN THE LEGAL SYSTEM ADAPT? George L. Paul [FNa1] Jason R. Baron [FNaa1]

... What is Bayesianism?, in PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE: THE USES AND LIMITS OF BAYESIANISM 1 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988); Michael O. Finkelstein & William B. Fairley, A Bayesian Approach to Identification Evidence, 83 HARV. ...

... Legal System's Failure to Appreciate Statistical Evidence, in STATISTICAL SCIENCE IN THE COURTROOM, 405-13 (Joseph L. Gastwirth ed., 2000); Peter Tillers, Introduction: Three Contributions to Three Important Problems in Evidence Scholarship, 18 CARDOZO L. REV. 1875, 1879-89 (1997). [FN122]. See generally ...

38 Rutgers L.J. 897 Rutgers Law Journal Spring, 2007 Note DISTORTING THE LIMITS OF FRE 406: A TOUGH HABIT TO BREAK Robert P. Duffield II [FNa1]

... are considered "crusty"); IA JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 93, at 1620-22 (rev. by Peter Tillers, 1983) (observing that preconditions for admissibility, such as the "no-eyewitness" limitation have generally been abandoned); 23 CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT & ...

41 New Eng. L. Rev. 435 New England Law Review Spring 2007 Symposium CSI AND ITS EFFECTS: MEDIA, JURIES, AND THE BURDEN OF PROOF Simon A. Cole [FNa1] Rachel Dioso-Villa [FNaa1]

... 159, at 310; see also Solan, supra note 159, at 126; Stoffelmayr & Diamond, supra note 159, at 779; Peter Tillers & Jonathan Gottfried, Case Comment --United States v. Copeland, 369 F. Supp. 2d 275 (E.D.N.Y. 2005): A Collateral Attack on the ...

... worry that it will be confused with "morality." Victor v. Nebraska, 511 U.S. 1, 37 (1994) (Blackmun, J., dissenting). [FN171]. Tillers & Gottfried, supra note 164, at 143. ...

43 No. 1 Crim. Law Bulletin 4 Criminal Law Bulletin January-February 2007 Evidence and Trial Advocacy: Advanced Workshop Michael H. Graham

... crime and is therefore likely to have committed the offense for which he stands trial. 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 58.2 (Tillers rev.1983). As Dean Wigmore points out, the evidence "is objectionable not because it has no appreciable probative value but because ...

47 Jurimetrics J. 193 Jurimetrics Journal Winter, 2007 Article A DEFAULT-LOGIC PARADIGM FOR LEGAL FACT-FINDING Vern R. Walker [FNa1]

... in torts cases, reference group A must adequately represent the particular plaintiff before a direct inference is warranted). Cf. Peter Tillers, If Wishes Were Horses: Discursive Comments on Attempts to Prevent Individuals from Being Unfairly Burdened by Their Reference Classes, 4 ...

36 J. Legal Stud. 107 Journal of Legal Studies January, 2007 THE PROBLEMATIC VALUE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF EVIDENCE Ronald J. Allen, Michael S. Pardo [FNa1]

... probability theory to explain aspects of trials (see, for example, Kaplan 1968; Finkelstein and Fairley 1970; Lempert 1977; Friedman 1987; Tillers and Schum 1992). This literature was both insightful and frustrating. It shed much light on the legal system by bringing ...

... 859 [E.D.N.Y. 1992]). [FN33] The debate among scholars has explicitly focused on the reference-class problem (Colyvan, Regan, and Ferson 2001; Tillers 2005). We first discuss the case and the commentary and then offer an interpretation and partial defense of the Second ...

... specific-evidence requirement to mean evidence of "Shonubi's previous behavior" such as "previous convictions, financial dealings and so on." In response, Tillers (2005) also explicitly focuses on the reference-class issue, but he criticizes both the Second Circuit and Colyvan, Regan, and Ferson (2001) ...

7 Ia. Prac., Evidence § 5.103:8 (2007 ed.) Iowa Practice Series TM Evidence Current through 2007 Update James A. Adams [FNa0], Joseph P. Weeg [FNa1] Chapter 1. General Provisions 5.103. Rulings on Evidence A. Rulings Admitting Evidence § 5.103:8 Related waiver doctrines

... purpose was to contradict victim's testimony rather than to explain it). [FN8] See generally, e.g., 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 15 (Tillers Rev.1983); 1 McCormick on Evidence § 57 (4th ed. 1992). [FN9] See State v. Judkins, 242 N.W.2d 266, 267 (Iowa ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 103.1 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 1. Article I: General Provisions Rule 103. Rulings On Evidence Commentary § 103.1 Rule 103: Rulings on evidence; Rule 103(a): Effect of erroneous ruling

... (discussing the closely related concepts "opening the door," "curative admissibility," and "fighting fire with fire"); 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 15 (Tillers rev. 1983) (collecting numerous cases from many jurisdictions). [FN15] See Park, Leonard & Goldberg, supra note 14; McCormick, Evidence § ...

...[FN19] State v. Chavers, 454 S.W.2d 395, 398 (Tex.1970). Accord, 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 18, at 836-38 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("[A]n opponent ordinarily waives his own objection if he makes subsequent use of evidence similar to that which ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 401.1 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 401. Definition Of "Relevant Evidence" Commentary § 401.1 Definition of "relevant evidence": Introduction

... on Evidence, 264-65 (1898). See also McCormick, Evidence § 184 (5th ed. 1992); 1 Wigmore, Evidence §§ 9-10, at 655-74 (Tillers rev.1983). [FN3] As originally promulgated, Civil Rule 401 read: Rule 401. Test of Relevancy (a) "Materiality" inquires whether there is ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 403.1 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 403. Exclusion Of Relevant Evidence On Special Grounds Commentary § 403.1 Introduction: The balancing test; trial court's discretion; the omission of surprise as a countervailing factor

...[FN8] See McCormick, Evidence § 185 (5th ed. 1999); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 29a, at 978-80 & note 1 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN9] Ford Motor Co. v. Pool, 688 S.W.2d 879, 882 (Tex.App.--Texarkana, 1985) ("The rule represents a codification of ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 404.2 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible To Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Commentary § 404.2 Rule 404(a): Meaning of "character"; general rule against using character evidence to prove conforming conduct; circumstantial use of character evidence; character in issue

... Federal Rules 404 & 405; 2 Weinstein's Evidence ¶; 404[01]. [FN9] See, e.g., 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 52, at 1148 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN10] See Landa v. Obert, 5 Tex.Civ.App. 620, 25 S.W. 342, 344 (1893, writ ref'd). [FN10.05] The British ...

...[FN12] See, e.g., McCormick, Evidence § 188 (5th ed. 1999) and 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 54.1, at 1150 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN13] E.g., Brewington v. State, 802 S.W.2d 691, 692 (Tex.Crim.App.1991) (reversible error to permit jury to hear that ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 404.4 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible To Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Commentary § 404.4 Rule 404(a)(2): Exception for character of victim: the criminal provision; the civil provision

... absence of evidence that victim made overt aggressive acts on this occasion). [FN12] 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 63, at 1151 (Tillers rev.1983). [FN12.05] Mai v. State, 189 S.W.3d 316, 321 (Tex.App.--Fort Worth 2006). Accord Reyna v. State, 99 S.W.3d 344 (Tex.App.--Fort ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 405.1 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 405. Methods Of Proving Character Commentary § 405.1 Rule 405: Methods of proving character: Introduction

... 603, 635-49 (2004). [FN7] See, e.g., McCormick, Evidence § 186 (5th ed. 1999); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 52, at 1148 (Tillers rev. 1983); 22 Wright & Graham, Federal Practice and Procedure § 5262, at 565 (1978). [FN8] See § 405.3 infra. ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 405.2.1 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 405. Methods Of Proving Character Commentary § 405.2.1 Rule 405(a): Introduction

... (5th ed. 1999). "The actual moral or psychical disposition or sum of traits." 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 52, at 1148 (Tillers rev. 1983). See Nolte v. State, 854 S.W.2d 304, 308-09 (Tex.App.--Austin 1993, pet. ref'd) (citing this Treatise in the course ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 405.3 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 405. Methods Of Proving Character Commentary § 405.3 Rule 405(b): Specific instances of conduct

... See Advisory Committee's Note to Federal Rule 404(a); McCormick, Evidence § 187 (5th ed. 1999); 1A Wigmore, Evidence §§ 69-79 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN3] 2 Louisell & Mueller, Federal Evidence § 150, at 334 (rev. 1985). But cf. the discussion of ...

...[FN7] 1A Wigmore, Evidence §§ 69-79 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN8] See, e.g., Brook v. Morriss, Morriss & Boatwright, 212 S.W.2d 257, 259 (Tex.Civ.App.--Austin 1948, no writ) (evidence ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 406.1 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 406. Habit; Routine Practice Commentary § 406.1 Habit and routine practice: Introduction

...[FN3] See McCormick, Evidence § 195 (5th ed. 1999); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 93 and cases cited at n. 1 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN4] E.g., Cereste v. New York, New Haven & Hartford Ry. Co., 231 F.2d 50, 53-54 (2d Cir.1956), ...

... 848, 100 L.Ed. 1475 (1956). See McCormick, Evidence § 195 (5th ed. 1999); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 92, at 1607 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN5] "[T]he uniformity of one's response to habit is far greater than the consistency with which one's conduct ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 406.2 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 406. Habit; Routine Practice Commentary § 406.2 Habit and business routine defined; character distinguished

... from extortion is not a semi-automatic act and does not constitute habit."). [FN7] But see 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 93 (Tillers rev. 1983) (rejecting the distinction between habit and character drawn by McCormick and others). [FN8] 22 Wright and Graham, Federal ...

1 Tex. Prac., Texas Rules Of Evidence § 412.1 (3d ed.) Texas Practice Series TM Guide To The Texas Rules Of Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Steven Goode[FNa0], Olin Guy Wellborn III[FNa1], M. Michael Sharlot [FNa2] Chapter 4. Article IV: Relevancy And Its Limits Rule 412. Evidence Of Previous Sexual Conduct In Criminal Cases Commentary § 412.1 Rule 412: Evidence of previous sexual conduct: History and policy

...[FN2] See § 404.4 supra. [FN3] See 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 62, at 1260-61 and n. 4 (Tillers rev. 1983). Wigmore advocated that evidence of the complainant's chastity should also be admissible as bearing on her credibility. 3A ...

... generally Annot., 94 A.L.R.3d 257. [FN5] McCormick, Evidence § 193 (5th ed. 1999); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 62, at 1263 (Tillers rev. 1983) (quoting the third edition of that work). [FN6] See, e.g., Tyler v. State, 145 Tex.Crim. 315, 167 S.W.2d ...

1 Winning Evidence Arguments § 401:1 Winning Evidence Arguments Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 401. Definition of "Relevant Evidence" Commentary § 401:1 Relevant evidence: materiality and "fact of consequence"

... Neb. 185, 422 N.W.2d 53 (1988), citing 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 37.4 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983)."); People v. Bolden, 84 Cal.Rptr.2d 111, 116 (Cal.App.3 Dist.1999) ("Evidence, whether direct or indirect, is relevant whenever ' ...

1 Winning Evidence Arguments § 404:4 Winning Evidence Arguments Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Commentary § 404:4 Rule 404(a)(2): Character evidence of the alleged victim

... evidence that the victim was the first aggressor." 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence § 63, at 1370 n. 5 (Peter Tillers rev.1983). The State invites this Court to adopt the Wigmore approach and uphold the trial court's ruling in this case ...

1 Winning Evidence Arguments § 404:5 Winning Evidence Arguments Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Commentary § 404:5 Rule 404(b): Other crimes, wrongs or acts

... on Evidence § 190, at 803 (4th ed. 1992) (Practitioner Treatise Series); 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence § 62.2 (Peter Tillers rev. ed. 1983); Gezzi v. State, 780 P.2d 972, 974 n. 4 (Wyo.1989)."). Contra State v. Castaneda, 621 N.W.2d 435, ...

... v. Rodriguez, 42 Cal.3d 730, 756-758, 230 Cal.Rptr. 667, 726 P.2d 113; 1A Wigmore, Evidence §§ 102, 106, 117, 118 [Tillers rev.1983]; Fisch, New York Evidence §§ 240, 241 [2d ed.1977]). Moreover, it is well established that the fact of a ...

1 Winning Evidence Arguments § 103:3 Winning Evidence Arguments Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article I. General Provisions Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence Commentary § 103:3 Rule 103(a)(1): Error in admitting; time of objecting; motion to strike; curative instructions

... of law and, secondly, to give notice of the terms of the issue.' 1 WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE § 18, 793 (Tillers rev.1983). Wigmore describes the proper timing of an objection: The general principle governing the time of the objection is that ...

1 Winning Evidence Arguments § 103:4 Winning Evidence Arguments Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article I. General Provisions Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence Commentary § 103:4 Error in admitting: waiver of right to object by other than failure to make; door opening

... same evidence to rebut, destroy, or explain the improperly admitted evidence. See 1 Wigmore on Evidence, § 18, at 836-38 (Tillers rev. 1983). The defendant sub judice was not attempting to use the evidence defensively. Rather, this case is analogous to ...

2 Winning Evidence Arguments § 807:1 Winning Evidence Arguments Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article VIII. Hearsay Rule 807. Residual Exception Commentary § 807:1 Residual exception

... has passed through the hands of the postal officials at the time and place indicated." 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 151 (Tillers rev. 1983). Because the inherent trustworthiness and reliability of a postmark has been universally recognized, the concern becomes whether a ...

2 Subst. Crim. L. § 17.5 (2d ed.) Substantive Criminal Law Current through the 2007 Update Wayne R. LaFave[FNa0] Part Three. Offenses Against the Person Chapter 17. Rape § 17.5. Procedure and punishment

... of jurisdictions. Id. at 420. [FN42] State v. Crisp, 629 S.W.2d 475 (Mo.App.1981). [FN43] 1A Wigmore, Evidence §§ 62, 62.1 (Tillers rev.1983). [FN44] People v. Johnson, 106 Cal. 289, 39 P. 622 (1895). Compare the situation as to admissibility of the ...

7 Wis. Prac., Wis. Evidence § 106.1 (2d ed.) Wisconsin Practice Series TM Wisconsin Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Daniel D. Blinka [FNa0] Chapter 901. Evidence--General Provisions 901.06. Limited Admissibility AUTHOR'S COMMENTS § 106.1 The doctrine of limited admissibility

... only against certain parties and not others. [FNa0] Professor Of Law, Marquette University Law School. [FN1] 1 Wigmore on Evidence (Tillers' rev. 1983) ("In a very real sense the entire structure of the modern law of evidence rests on the specialized ...

7 Wis. Prac., Wis. Evidence § 401.2 (2d ed.) Wisconsin Practice Series TM Wisconsin Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Daniel D. Blinka [FNa0] Chapter 904. Evidence--Relevancy and Its Limits 904.01. Definition of "Relevant Evidence" AUTHOR'S COMMENTS § 401.2 Demonstrative and real evidence generally

... acquire relevant knowledge directly, rather than through the intermediate perceptions of another person."); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 24 at 944 (Tillers rev. 1983) (Wigmore described the concept as "autoptic proference"). [FN3] See § 901.1, infra. [FN4] See State v. Scheidell, 220 ...

4A Wash. Prac., Rules Practice CrR 3.5 (6th ed.) Washington Practice Series TM Rules Practice Current Through the 2007 Update Karl B. Tegland [FNa0] Part IV. Rules for Superior Court Superior Court Criminal Rules (CrR) 3. Rights of Defendants (CrR 3.1 to 3.6) CrR 3.5. Confession Procedure

... not apply to admissions by nonparty witnesses, nor do they apply in civil cases. 3 Wigmore on Evidence § 815 (Tillers rev. 1983). 2 Cases and commentary on confessions For case law and detailed commentary on confessions and other matters addressed ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 101.101 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article I. General Provisions Rule 101. Scope General Applicability § 101.101 Scope; general applicability[FN1]

... KIRKPATRICK §§ 591 to 596 (2d ed. 1994); TANFORD §§ 1.01 to 1.10 (5th ed. 2003); 1 WIGMORE § 4 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN2] The common law rules do not apply when Evid.R. 101(c) makes the Evidence Rules inapplicable to a ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 101.303 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article I. General Provisions Rule 101. Scope Rules Inapplicable § 101.303 Rules inapplicable: Miscellaneous proceedings--Proceedings relating to extradition

... law rule, in light of the difficulty of procuring perfect evidence from another jurisdiction. 1 WIGMORE § 4, at 75 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN2] Bovio v. U.S., 989 F.2d 255, 259 (7th Cir. 1993) (unsworn statement repeating statement of alleged accomplice). ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 105.101 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article I. General Provisions Rule 105. Limited Admissibility § 105.101 Multiple admissibility, generally[FN1]

... to 105.04 (9th ed. 2006); 1 MUELLER & KIRKPATRICK §§ 38 to 41 (2d ed. 1994); 1 WIGMORE § 13 (Tillers rev. 1983); TANFORD § 2.10 (5th ed. 2003); 88 C.J.S., Trial §§ 82, 87 to 89; 28 I.L.E. Trial § ...

... court's overruling Defendants' hearsay objection."). 1 MCCORMICK § 59, at 259 (5th ed. 1999). 1 WIGMORE § 13, at 694 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("when an evidentiary fact is offered for one purpose and becomes admissible by satisfying all the rules applicable ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 401.101 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 401. Definition of "Relevant Evidence" § 401.101 Definition of relevant evidence[FN1]

... (9th ed. 2006); 1 MUELLER & KIRPKPATRICK §§ 82 to 89 (2d ed. 1994); 1A WIGMORE §§ 24 to 43 (Tillers rev. 1983); 6 SMITH TRIAL HANDBOOK § 22:4 (2004); TANFORD §§ 5.06, 8.01 to 8.04, 11.02 to 11.03, 15.04 (5th ...

... as to "possible" future medical complications and expenses admissible). See § 702.116 infra [FN11] 1A WIGMORE § 28, at 969 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("the Court will of course allow to be considered only such evidence as is worth submitting to men ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 402.101 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 402. Relevant Evidence Generally Admissible; Irrelevant Evidence Inadmissible § 402.101 Relevant evidence generally admissible; irrelevant evidence generally inadmissible[FN1]

... (9th ed. 2006); 1 MUELLER & KIRKPATRICK §§ 90 to 91 (2d ed. 1994); 1A WIGMORE §§ 24 to 43 (Tillers rev. 1983); 31A C.J.S., Evidence §§ 158 to 166; 12 I.L.E. Evidence §§ 41 to 43. [FN2] U.S. v. Amuso, ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 404.101 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Character Evidence Generally § 404.101 Character evidence to prove conduct; general rule[FN1]

... (9th ed. 2006); 1 MUELLER & KIRKPATRICK §§ 99 to 118 (2d ed. 1994); 1A WIGMORE §§ 52 to 89 (Tillers rev. 1983); 2 WIGMORE §§ 219 to 263, 300 to 370, 385 to 418 (Chadbourn rev. 1979); TANFORD §§ 9.01 ...

... Credibility Under the Federal Rules of Evidence, 5 Hofstra L.Rev. 7, 19 (1976). [FN5] 1A WIGMORE § 52, at 1148 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN6] 1 GRAHAM HANDBOOK § 404:1, at 584 (6th ed. 2006). [FN7] 1 MCCORMICK § 195, at 686 ...

...[FN10] 1A WIGMORE § 52, at 1147-1148 (Tillers rev. 1983). See § 405.101, infra. [FN11] 1 MCCORMICK § 195, at 686 to 692 (5th ed. 1999). ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 404.102 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Character Evidence Generally § 404.102 Rationale for rule

... of character witnesses, and it would result in a definite retrogression of trial procedure."). 1A WIGMORE § 64, at 1400-1402 (Tillers rev. 1983). Some early Indiana case law stated that character evidence is excluded because it is logically irrelevant. Todd v. ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 404.103 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Character Evidence Generally § 404.103 Character in issue

... who should have custody of children, fitness to provide care is of paramount importance."). 1A WIGMORE § 69.1, at 1457 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("Thus, for example, the right of a parent to retain custody of a child may depend on a ...

... to 652 (5th ed. 1999); 22 WRIGHT & GRAHAM § 5235, at 368-369 (1978); 1A WIGMORE §§ 70 to 70.2 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN12] 1 MCCORMICK § 187, at 651 to 652 (5th ed. 1999); 1A WIGMORE § 69.1, at 1479 ...

... rev. 1983). [FN12] 1 MCCORMICK § 187, at 651 to 652 (5th ed. 1999); 1A WIGMORE § 69.1, at 1479 (Tillers rev. 1983). See also Annot., "Employer's Knowledge of Employee's Past Criminal Record as Affecting Liability for Employee's Tortious Conduct," 48 ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 404.105 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Character Evidence Generally § 404.105 Exceptions: (1) Character of accused--Rebuttal by prosecution

... the defendant chooses to offer 'good' character evidence in his own defense. Rule 404(a)(2)."). 1A WIGMORE § 58, at 1198-1203 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("The true reason for this seems to be not any relaxation of the principle [against proof of the ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 404.106 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Character Evidence Generally § 404.106 Exceptions: (2) Character of victim--To prove victim's conduct

... claim would not have been made more or less probable by Watson's testimony."). [FN8] 1A WIGMORE § 63, at 1367-1369 (Tillers Rev. 1983). [FN9] Teague v. State, 269 Ind. 103, 379 N.E.2d 418, 424 (1978) ("there ought to be some other ...

...1A WIGMORE § 63, at 1369 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN15] Brennan v. State, 639 N.E.2d 649, 651 (Ind. 1994) ("A person's reputation for peace and quiet can ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 404.205 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts § 404.205 Test for admissibility--Balancing unfair prejudice and probative value

... irrelevant and highly prejudicial and, therefore, inadmissible on the issue of the defendant's guilt."). 1A WIGMORE § 58.2, at 1212 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("It may almost be said that it is because of the indubitable relevancy of specific bad acts showing ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 404.209 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts § 404.209 Inseparable crimes--Generally

... term, see, e.g., U.S. v. Hill, 953 F.2d 452, 457 n.1 (9th Cir. 1991); 1A WIGMORE § 218, at 1888 (Tillers rev. 1983); 22 WRIGHT & GRAHAM § 5239, at 447 (1978), and its use with regard to extrinsic act evidence ...

... inevitably leads to confusion. For this reason, Wigmore appears to have favored the term "inseparable crimes". 1A WIGMORE § 218 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN18] Anderson v. State, 681 N.E.2d 703, 706 (Ind. 1997) ("This court has determined that the res gestae ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 404.235 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts § 404.235 Non-propensity purposes not listed in rule--Opportunity; capacity

... those locations admissible to rebut defense of impairment by alcohol and alcoholism). [FN7] See 1A WIGMORE § 217, at 1883 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("On a charge of placing a large stone on a railroad track, the previous felonious placing of a ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 405.101 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 405. Methods of Proving Character Reputation or Opinion § 405.101 Proof of character: Generally[FN1]

... (9th ed. 2006); 1 MUELLER & KIRKPATRICK §§ 119 to 122 (2d ed. 1994); 1A WIGMORE §§ 191 to 213 (Tillers rev. 1983); 5 WIGMORE §§ 1608 to 1621 (Chadbourn rev. 1974); 7 WIGMORE §§ 1980 to 1986 (Chadbourn rev. 1978); ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 406.101 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 406. Habit; Routine Practice § 406.101 Habit of an individual[FN1]

... (9th ed. 2006); 2 MUELLER & KIRKPATRICK §§ 123 to 126 (2d ed. 1994); 1A WIGMORE §§ 92 to 99 (Tillers rev. 1983); 2 WIGMORE §§ 375 to 383 (Chadbourn rev. 1979); 6 SMITH TRIAL HANDBOOK §§ 33:4 to 33:7 (2004); ...

... same stimulus on the occasion under inquiry. 1 MCCORMICK § 195 (5th ed. 1999); 1A WIGMORE § 93, at 1610 (Tillers rev. 1983). Other courts declined to accept evidence of habit due to concern that such evidence would become merely another ...

... to concern that such evidence would become merely another guise for inadmissible character evidence. 1A WIGMORE § 92, at 1610-1619 (Tillers rev. 1983). Still other courts admitted habit evidence only if there were no eyewitnesses to the conduct at issue. 23 ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 406.102 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 406. Habit; Routine Practice § 406.102 Routine practice, or custom, of a business or group

... "Proof of Mailing by Evidence of Business or Office Custom," 45 A.L.R.4th 476. [FN32] 1A WIGMORE § 94, at 1631-1632 (Tillers rev. 1983); 2 WEINSTEIN § 406.03[5] at 406-10 to 406-10.1 (2d ed. 2006). [FN33] Cibro Petroleum Products, Inc. v. Sohio ...

12 Ind. Prac., Indiana Evidence § 412.101 (3d ed.) Indiana Practice Series TM Indiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Robert Lowell Miller, Jr.[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 412. Evidence of Past Sexual Conduct General Rule of Inadmissibility in Sex Crimes § 412.101 Past sexual conduct of victim or witness in sex crime prosecution: Generally[FN1]

... 412.4 (9th ed. 2006); 2 MUELLER & KIRKPATRICK §§ 155 to 160 (2d ed. 1994); 1A WIGMORE §§ 62, 62.1 (Tillers rev. 1983); 3A WIGMORE § 924a (Chadbourn rev. 1970); TANFORD §§ 17.01 to 17.04 (5th ed. 2003); 75 C.J.S., Rape ...

La. Prac. Evidence Art. 404 (2007 ed.) Louisiana Practice Series Louisiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Bobby Marzine Harges[FNa0], Russell L. Jones[FNa1] Chapter 4. Relevancy and Its Limits Art 404. Character evidence generally not admissible in civil or criminal trial to prove conduct; exceptions; other criminal acts

... Weinstein & M. Berger, Weinstein's Evidence ¶; 404[06] (1982); 1A J. Wigmore Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 63 (Tillers rev. 1983). (f) Under certain circumstances, it may be of critical importance to know in advance whether the trial court ...

1 West's Pa. Prac., Evidence § 103-1 (2d ed.) West's(R) Pennsylvania Practice Series TM Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Leonard Packel[FNa0], Anne Bowen Poulin[FNa1] Article I. General Provisions Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence and Commentary Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence Authors' Comments § 103-1 Rulings on Evidence

... (1992) (quoting Packel and Poulin, Pennsylvania Evidence); See McCormick, Evidence § 52 (6th ed. 2006); 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 18 (Tillers rev. 1983). Compare F.R.E. 103 which provides: (a) Effect of erroneous ruling. Error may not be predicated upon a ruling ...

1 West's Pa. Prac., Evidence § 104-1 (2d ed.) West's(R) Pennsylvania Practice Series TM Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Leonard Packel[FNa0], Anne Bowen Poulin[FNa1] Article I. General Provisions Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence and Commentary Rule 104. Preliminary Questions Authors' Comments § 104-1 Preliminary Questions

... Pa. 35, 348 A.2d 103 (1975). [FN2] See McCormick, Evidence § 53 (6th ed. 2006); 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 14.1 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN3] Harris v. Toys R Us-Penn, Inc., 880 A.2d 1270 (Pa.Super.2005). [FN4] See Commonwealth v. Stewart, 483 Pa. ...

1 West's Pa. Prac., Evidence § 105-1 (2d ed.) West's(R) Pennsylvania Practice Series TM Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Leonard Packel[FNa0], Anne Bowen Poulin[FNa1] Article I. General Provisions Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence and Commentary Rule 105. Limited Admissibility Authors' Comments § 105-1 Limited Admissibility

... 574 Pa. 594, 832 A.2d 1026 (2003). See McCormick, Evidence § 59 (6th ed. 2006). 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 13 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN4] Commonwealth v. Johnson, 457 Pa. 554, 327 A.2d 632 (1974); Bialek v. Pittsburgh Brewing Co., 430 Pa. ...

1 West's Pa. Prac., Evidence § 133-1 (2d ed.) West's(R) Pennsylvania Practice Series TM Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Leonard Packel[FNa0], Anne Bowen Poulin[FNa1] Article I. General Provisions Related Evidence Law § 133-1. Discretion of the Trial Court

... A.2d 242 (1992); Soda v. Baird, 411 Pa.Super. 80, 600 A.2d 1274 (1991). [FN3] See 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 16 (Tillers rev. 1983). See also Commonwealth v. Robinson, 554 Pa. 293, 721 A.2d 344 (1998). [FN4] Commonwealth v. Haber, 351 Pa.Super. ...

...[FN5] See 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 16 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN6] See Pa.R.E.104. [FN7] See 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 16 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN8] See, e.g., Pa.R.E. 403. ...

1 West's Pa. Prac., Evidence § 134 (2d ed.) West's(R) Pennsylvania Practice Series TM Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Leonard Packel[FNa0], Anne Bowen Poulin[FNa1] Article I. General Provisions Related Evidence Law § 134. Conflict of Laws

...[FNa1] Member Of The Pennsylvania Bar, Professor, Villanova University School Of Law. [FN1] See 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 5 (Tillers rev. 1983); McCormick, Evidence § 73.2 (4th ed. 1992); Scoles and Hay, Conflict of Laws §§ 12.10- 12.14 (1982). ...

1 West's Pa. Prac., Evidence § 403-1 (2d ed.) West's(R) Pennsylvania Practice Series TM Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Leonard Packel[FNa0], Anne Bowen Poulin[FNa1] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence and Commentary Rule 403. Exclusion of Relevant Evidence on Grounds of Prejudice, Confusion, or Waste of Time Authors' Comments § 403-1 Exclusion of Relevant Evidence on Grounds of Prejudice, Confusion, or Waste of Time

... Kasych v. Commonwealth Dept. of Transportation, 11 Pa.Cmwlth. 621, 314 A.2d 575 (1974). But see 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 37.2 (Tillers rev. 1983) (suggesting that most questions of admissibility require the trial judge to assess the weight of the evidence). [FN4] ...

1 West's Pa. Prac., Evidence § 404-2 (2d ed.) West's(R) Pennsylvania Practice Series TM Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Leonard Packel[FNa0], Anne Bowen Poulin[FNa1] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence and Commentary Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible To Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Authors' Comments § 404-2 Character as an Element of Claim or Defense

... Kemerer, 44 Pa. 452 (1863) (seduction). See also McCormick, Evidence § 187 (5th ed. 1999); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 170 (Tillers rev. 1983). But see Hopkins v. Tate, 255 Pa. 56, 61, 99 A. 210, 212 (1916) (" 'Character' and 'reputation' ...

... 49 Pa. 210 (1865); Good v. Grit Publishing Co., 36 Pa.Super. 238 (1908). [FN5] See 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 70.1 (Tillers rev. 1983). Proof of bad reputation or character, however, is not admissible to prove the truth of a defamatory statement ...

... present fitness and not the nature and extent of her past misconduct). [FN15] See generally 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 69.1 (Tillers rev. 1983). Before Pennsylvania adopted the objective definition of entrapment, a defense of entrapment may have placed character in issue. ...

1 West's Pa. Prac., Evidence § 404-3 (2d ed.) West's(R) Pennsylvania Practice Series TM Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Leonard Packel[FNa0], Anne Bowen Poulin[FNa1] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence and Commentary Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible To Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Authors' Comments § 404-3 Character of the Accused

...[FN34] Wigmore and McCormick caution against the use of this phrase. See 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 69.1 at p. 1478 (Tillers rev.1983) and McCormick, Evidence § 191 (6th ed. 2006). Nevertheless, the Pennsylvania courts use the term to describe a defendant's ...

1 West's Pa. Prac., Evidence § 404-10 (2d ed.) West's(R) Pennsylvania Practice Series TM Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Leonard Packel[FNa0], Anne Bowen Poulin[FNa1] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence and Commentary Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible To Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Authors' Comments § 404-10 Criminal Cases--Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts Evidence Offered by the Accused

...[FN3] Commonwealth v. Boyle, 470 Pa. 343, 359, 368 A.2d 661, 669 (1977). See also 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 142 (Tillers rev. 1983). But see Commonwealth v. Rivers, 537 Pa. 394, 644 A.2d 710 (1994) (Boyle does not require court to ...

... 217 (1996). [FN8] Commonwealth v. Smith, 502 Pa. 600, 467 A.2d 1120 (1983). See also 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 84 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN9] See Commonwealth v. Peetros, 517 Pa. 260, 535 A.2d 1026 (1987) (error not to permit accused to ...

...[FN11] Commonwealth v. Santos, 275 Pa. 515, 119 A. 596 (1923). See also 1A Wigmore, Evidence §§ 143-44 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN12] Commonwealth v. Eubanks, 511 Pa. 201, 512 A.2d 619 (1986); Commonwealth v. Bailey, 450 Pa. 201, 299 ...

Louisiana Evidence Art. 404 (4th ed.) Louisiana Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Bobby Marzine Harges[FNa0], Russell L. Jones[FNa1] Chapter 4. Relevancy and Its Limits Art 404. Character evidence generally not admissible in civil or criminal trial to prove conduct; exceptions; other criminal acts

3 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 801:6 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article VIII. Hearsay Rules 801(a), (b) and (c) Definition of Hearsay Commentary § 801:6 Rule 801(c): Statements offered other than to prove the truth of the matter asserted; circumstantial evidence

... is certain, no error was plain."). But see § 901.4 at note 1 infra. [FN4] 1A Wigmore, Evidence §§ 149-160 (Tillers rev. 1983). See also United States v. Cowley, 720 F.2d 1037, 1044 (9th Cir.1983), cert. denied 465 U.S. 1029, 104 ...

100

4 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 803:3 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article VIII. Hearsay Rule 803(3) Then Existing Mental, Emotional, or Physical Condition; Intent As Proof of Doing Act Intended; Statement As Proof of Fact Remembered or Believed; Will Cases Commentary § 803:3 Rule 803(3): Then existing mental, emotional, or physical condition; intent as proof of Doing Act intended; statement as proof of fact remembered or believed; will cases

... to show that thereafter the act was in fact done, see, e.g., 1A J. Wigmore, Evidence § 102, at 1666-67 (Tillers rev. 1983); and under a long-established exception to the hearsay rule, the existence of the plan or intention may be ...

101

4 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 807:1 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article VIII. Hearsay Rule 807. Residual Exception Commentary § 807:1 Residual exception

102

2 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 607:2 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article VI. Witnesses Rule 607. Who May Impeach Commentary § 607:2 Contradiction: collateral and non-collateral matters; good faith basis

... can be accepted by a trial court as evidence. Cf. 1 John Henry Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence § 1 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983) (noting that "[e]vidence ... is any matter of fact that is furnished to a legal tribunal otherwise than ...

103

1 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 103:1 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article I. General Provisions Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence Commentary § 103:1 Rule 103(a): Reversible, harmless and structural error; an overview

... great weight to the [government's] suggestion ... "); see also 1 John Henry Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence § 17 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983) [hereinafter Wigmore] ("[F]acts of discreditable conduct [may be] groundlessly asked about in the hope that though denied they ...

104

1 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 103:2 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article I. General Provisions Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence Commentary § 103:2 Rule 103(a)(1): Error in admitting; objection, presentation and waiver

... denied, 439 U.S. 868, 99 S.Ct. 196, 58 L.Ed.2d 179 (1978); see generally 1 Wigmore Evidence § 18, at 828 (Tillers rev. 1983) ('A specific objection overruled will be effective to the extent of the grounds specified, and no further. An ...

105

1 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 106:1 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article I. General Provisions Rule 106. Remainder of or Related Writings or Recorded Statements Commentary § 106:1 Remainder of or related writings and recorded statements employed at time of introduction

... not apply, however, to separate utterances or occurrences pertaining to a different subject. See 7 J. Wigmore, Evidence § 2119 (Tillers rev. 1983)."). See also 7 Wigmore, Evidence § 2104 at 634 (Chadbourn rev.1978) ("Where a writing offered refers to another ...

106

1 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 401:1 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 401. Definition of "Relevant Evidence" Commentary § 401:1 Relevant evidence: materiality and "fact of consequence"

... that the evidence must be legally relevant, i.e., possess some plus value. See 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 28 at 969 (Tillers Rev.1983) ("[T]he Court will of course allow to be considered only such evidence as is worth submitting to men who ...

107

1 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 404:1 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Commentary § 404:1 Character evidence: an overview

... the defendant's moral disposition were commonplace in criminal proceedings. See 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 58.2, at 1213 & n. 1 (Tillers rev. 1983). Generally, the contemporary rules prohibit the Government from introducing evidence of the defendant's immoral character in an attempt ...

108

1 Handbook of Fed. Evid. § 404:5 (6th ed.) Handbook of Federal Evidence Current through the 2007 Update Michael H. Graham[FNa0] Article IV. Relevancy and Its Limits Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible to Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes Commentary § 404:5 Rule 404(b): Other crimes, wrongs or acts

...[Tillers rev.1983]; Fisch, New York Evidence §§ 240, 241 [2d ed.1977]). Moreover, it is well established that the fact of a ...

109

2 Cal. Med. Malprac. L. & Prac. § 13:31 (2007) California Medical Malpractice: Law and Practice Database current through 2007 update George McDonald[FNa0] Chapter 13. Scope of Evidence § 13:31. The hypothetical question

... fn. 21, 70 Cal.Rptr. 193, 207 fn. 21, 443 P.2d 777 (1968). [FN4] See 2 Wigmore on Evidence (Chadbourn, McNaughton, Tillers Revisions) § 686. [FN5] In re Estate of Dolbeer, 149 Cal. 227, 86 P. 695 (1906). [FN6] In re Estate ...

110

19 Regent U. L. Rev. 459 Regent University Law Review 2006-2007 Article IS CONFRONTATION THE BOTTOM LINE? Roger C. Park [FNa1]

... Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals, 71 HARV. L. REV. 593, 607- 08 (1958). [FN27]. I owe Peter Tillers credit for characterizing the idea that I am criticizing as "the idea that the purpose of confrontation is confrontation." Posting ...

... characterizing the idea that I am criticizing as "the idea that the purpose of confrontation is confrontation." Posting of Peter Tillers, Professor of Law, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, peter@tillers.net, to Evid-fac-l@chicagokent.kentlaw.edu (Nov. 10, 2006). ...

111

40 Ind. L. Rev. 23 Indiana Law Review 2007 Articles DECODING CYBERPROPERTY Greg Lastowka [FNa1]

... ("[T]he picture is much less sanguine than the one usually painted with the commons receding in the background and hard-working tillers of land dominating the foreground."); see also Goodman, supra note 23, at 278 (describing the difficult debates over whether property ...

112

Trial Handbook for Ky. Law. § 26:3 (2007) Kentucky Handbook Series, Trial Handbook for Kentucky Lawyers Current through the 2007 Edition Thomas L. Osborne Chapter 26. Kentucky Rules of Evidence § 26:3. Commentary on Kentucky rules of evidence

... 106 S. Ct. 2142, 90 L. Ed. 2d 636, 20 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 801 (1986). [FN10] Wigmore, Evidence 694 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN11] Wigmore, Evidence 697 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN12] Advisory Committee's Note, Fed.R.Evid. 106. [FN13] Carr v. Com., 309 ...

113

Trial Objections Handbook 2d § 2:4 Trial Objections Handbook 2d Database updated December 2006 Roger C. Park Chapter 2. Relevancy and Its Limits I. GENERAL CONCEPTS OF RELEVANCY § 2:4. Relevancy and materiality

... as relevant but "immaterial."[FN4] [FN1] See, e.g., 1 J. Wigmore Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 2, at 18 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983): [T]he distinction between materiality and relevancy remains axiomatic since it is uniformly recognized that there is a ...

114

Trial Objections Handbook 2d § 2:8 Trial Objections Handbook 2d Database updated December 2006 Roger C. Park Chapter 2. Relevancy and Its Limits II. CHARACTER EVIDENCE, INCLUDING EVIDENCE OF OTHER CRIMES, WRONGS, OR ACTS § 2:8. Exceptions--Evidence of defendant's good character in criminal cases

... note 24 (1978). [FN7] See 1A J. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 59 nn l & 2 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). [FN8] Fed R Evid 404(a)(1). [FN9] See Fed R Evid Advisory Committee Note, Rule 404, 56 Federal ...

115

Trial Objections Handbook 2d § 2:10 Trial Objections Handbook 2d Database updated December 2006 Roger C. Park Chapter 2. Relevancy and Its Limits II. CHARACTER EVIDENCE, INCLUDING EVIDENCE OF OTHER CRIMES, WRONGS, OR ACTS § 2:10. Exceptions--Character of victim in criminal cases

... show a proclivity to consent. [FN1] See 1A J. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 63 note 1 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983) suggesting that under the Federal Rule "in an embezzlement case, an accused might be allowed to put ...

116

Trial Objections Handbook 2d § 2:11 Trial Objections Handbook 2d Database updated December 2006 Roger C. Park Chapter 2. Relevancy and Its Limits II. CHARACTER EVIDENCE, INCLUDING EVIDENCE OF OTHER CRIMES, WRONGS, OR ACTS § 2:11. Exceptions--Character of victim in criminal cases--Homicide and assault cases

... the defendant's subjective belief). [FN2] 1A J. Wigmore Evidence in Trials at Common Law note 38, § 63, at 1369 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983); Smith v. State, 606 So. 2d 641, 642-43 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1st Dist. 1992) (trial court ...

... self-defense); [FN3] See Fed R Evid 404(a)(2); 1A J. Wigmore Evidence in Trials at Common Law note 38, § 63 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). [FN4] Fed R Evid 405(a). U.S. v. Waloke, 962 F.2d 824, 830 (8th Cir. 1992) (although evidence ...

117

Trial Objections Handbook 2d § 2:12 Trial Objections Handbook 2d Database updated December 2006 Roger C. Park Chapter 2. Relevancy and Its Limits II. CHARACTER EVIDENCE, INCLUDING EVIDENCE OF OTHER CRIMES, WRONGS, OR ACTS § 2:12. Exceptions--Character of victim in rape and sexual harassment cases

... unfair prejudice to any party."[FN12] [FN1] See 1A J. Wigmore Evidence in Trials at Common Law note 38, § 62 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983); People v. Allen, 289 Ill. 218, 124 N.E. 329 (1919); Graham v. State, 125 Tex. Crim. 210, ...

118

Trial Objections Handbook 2d § 2:15 Trial Objections Handbook 2d Database updated December 2006 Roger C. Park Chapter 2. Relevancy and Its Limits II. CHARACTER EVIDENCE, INCLUDING EVIDENCE OF OTHER CRIMES, WRONGS, OR ACTS § 2:15. Methods of showing character: Evidence of reputation, opinion, and specific acts

... WL 1650 (1855), excerpted in 5 J. Wigmore Evidence in Trials at Common Law note 56, § 1616, at 591 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). [FN7] Fed R Evid 803(21). [FN8] There is no precise number or percentage of people in a ...

... it need not be a majority. See 5 J. Wigmore Evidence in Trials at Common Law note 56, § 1613 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983); Girch v. State, 104 Neb. 503, 177 N.W. 798 (1920) (witness who heard 15 to 20 people ...

... N.C. App. 459, 289 S.E.2d 139 (1982); 5 J. Wigmore Evidence in Trials at Common Law note 56, § 1614 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). An interesting example of this problem arose in the celebrated murder trial of Harvard Medical College Professor ...

118

Trial Objections Handbook 2d § 2:17 Trial Objections Handbook 2d Database updated December 2006 Roger C. Park Chapter 2. Relevancy and Its Limits II. CHARACTER EVIDENCE, INCLUDING EVIDENCE OF OTHER CRIMES, WRONGS, OR ACTS § 2:17. Character evidence in civil cases

119

Trial Objections Handbook 2d § 12:2 Trial Objections Handbook 2d Database updated December 2006 Roger C. Park Chapter 12. Appellate Review of Rulings on Objections § 12:2. Prejudicial error and harmless error

... (1946) (citations omitted) (emphasis added). [FN22] See 1 J. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 21, at 933 (Tillers rev 1983). [FN23] 1 J. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 21, at 930-931 (Tillers rev 1983). See ...

120

Trial Objections Handbook 2d § 12:4 Trial Objections Handbook 2d Database updated December 2006 Roger C. Park Chapter 12. Appellate Review of Rulings on Objections § 12:4. When can constitutional error be harmless error?

... Weinstein's Evidence ¶; 103[08], at 91 (1988), 1 J. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 21, at 937 (Tillers rev 1983). [FN3] A few constitutional errors are not subject to harmless error analysis. See notes 20 to 23 and ...

121

35 Hofstra L. Rev. 585 Hofstra Law Review Winter 2006 Thirty-Fifth Anniversary Volume THE CASE FOR SELECTIVE ABOLITION OF THE RULES OF EVIDENCE David Crump [FNa1]

... focusing on the Rule). [FN246]. See 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law §28, at 969 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983). [FN247]. James Bradley Thayer, A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence at the Common Law 530 (1898); see also Fed. ...

122

23 Alaska L. Rev. 171 Alaska Law Review December, 2006 Article "IF YOU KNEW HIM LIKE I DID, YOU'D HAVE SHOT HIM, TOO . . ." A SURVEY OF ALASKA'S LAW OF SELF-DEFENSE James Fayette [FNa1]

...[FN320]. Id. at *2. [FN321]. Id. [FN322]. Id. (citing 5 Wigmore on Evidence § 1618, at 595 (Tillers rev. 1983)). [FN323]. Northcott v. State, No. A-7057, 2001 WL 1042868, at *6 (Alaska Ct. App. Sept. 12, 2001); see ...

123

26 Oxford J. Legal Stud. 805 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Winter 2006 Review Article THE STRUCTURE OF EVIDENCE LAW [FNd1] Mike Redmayne [FNa1]

... all relevant facts are so specified. As will become clear, this is a misinterpretation of conventional probability. [FN7]. See P. Tillers and E.D. Green (eds), Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence (1988); the symposium on 'Decision and Inference in ...

... 253-360. [FN73]. See, for example, the demand for 'specific' evidence in US v Shonubi 998 F2d 84 (1993). Cf. P. Tillers, 'If Wishes were Horses: Discursive Comments on Attempts to Prevent Individuals from Being Unfairly Burdened by their Reference Classes' (2005) ...

124

5 Law, Probability & Risk 267 Law, Probability & Risk September/December, 2006 Article QUANTIFYING THE STANDARD OF PROOF BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT: A COMMENT ON THREE COMMENTS Jon O. Newman [FNd1]

... University Press; Jon O. Newman [Received on 24 April 2007; accepted on 2 May 2007] A trio of recent articles (Tillers & Gottfried, 2006 (T&G); Franklin, 2006 (Franklin); Weinstein & Dewsbury, 2006 (Weinstein)) in this journal concerning the quantification of the 'reasonable ...

... of fact, I would require a probability of guilt of no less than 95%.' (Weinstein at 7, emphasis added). Professors Tillers and Gottfried refer to 'quantification of the reasonable doubt standard in terms of odds, probabilities or chances' and provide an ...

... F. Supp. 2d 365 (E.D.N.Y. 2005): quantification of the 'proof beyond reasonable doubt' standard. Law, Probability and Risk, 5, 159-165. TILLERS, P. & GOTTFRIED, J. (2006) Case Comment--United States v. Copeland, 369 F. Supp. 2d 365 (E.D.N.Y. 2005): A Collateral Attack ...

125

155 U. Pa. L. Rev. 165 University of Pennsylvania Law Review November, 2006 Articles ON THE SUPPOSED JURY-DEPENDENCE OF EVIDENCE LAW Frederick Schauer [FNd1]

... Common Law 508-38 (Boston, Little, Brown & Co. 1898). [FN24]. John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law (Peter Tillers ed., 1983). [FN25]. See Twining, supra note 16, at 117 (describing Wigmore's opposition to rigid rules; instead proposing that evidence ...

126

34 Am. J. Crim. L. 1 American Journal of Criminal Law Fall 2006 Article CAGING THE BEAST: FORMULATING EFFECTIVE EVIDENTIARY RULES TO DEAL WITH SEXUAL OFFENDERS Charles H. Rose III [FNa1]

... based upon the development of human character). [FN18]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence § 54.1, at 1152 (Peter Tillers rev. ed. 1983) [hereinafter Wigmore Revised]. The issue then becomes what sort of balance should be used to weigh the ...

...[FN39]. Professor Tillers believes this to be an open question. See Peter Tillers, What is Wrong with Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781, ...

127

47 B.C. L. Rev. 949 Boston College Law Review September, 2006 Article EVIDENCE SCHOLARSHIP RECONSIDERED: RESULTS OF THE INTERDISCIPLINARY TURN Roger C. Park [FNa1] Michael J. Saks [FNaa1]

... William Twining's calls to action no doubt also helped, [FN175] as did conferences on New Evidence Scholarship organized by Peter Tillers. [FN176] David Schum, a nonlawyer, also deserves much credit for interesting law professors in the formal analysis of evidence. [FN177] ...

... Callen, David Faigman, Daniel Farber, Richard Friedman, Steven Goldberg, David Kaye, Dale Nance, Aviva Orenstein, Jeffrey Rachlinski, Chris Sanchirico, Peter Tillers, and Joan Williams. [FNaa1]. Professor of Law and Professor of Psychology, Arizona State University; Ph.D., Ohio State University; M.S.L., Yale ...

...(Tillers rev. 1983). Wigmore stated: Mature experience constantly inclines us to believe that the best results on human action are seldom ...

128

86 B.U. L. Rev. 793 Boston University Law Review June, 2006 Notes HARD CASES MAKE BAD LAW: COMMONWEALTH V. ADJUTANT AND EVIDENCE OF THE DECEASED'S PROPENSITY FOR VIOLENCE IN SELF-DEFENSE CASES IN MASSACHUSETTS Hallie White Speight [FNa1]

... than the particular facts of the incident before the court. [FN38]. IA Wigmore on Evidence § 55 (rev. by Peter Tillers 1983) (emphasis added); see also 1 McCormick on Evidence § 188 (5th ed. 1999) ("[E]vidence that an individual is the ...

129

5 Law, Probability & Risk 135 Law, Probability & Risk June, 2006 CASE COMMENT--UNITED STATES v. COPELAND, 369 F. SUPP. 2D 275 (E.D.N.Y. 2005): A COLLATERAL ATTACK ON THE LEGAL MAXIM THAT PROOF BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT IS UNQUANTIFIABLE? Peter Tillers [FNd1] Jonathan Gottfried [FNr1]

... 2D 275 (E.D.N.Y. 2005): A COLLATERAL ATTACK ON THE LEGAL MAXIM THAT PROOF BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT IS UNQUANTIFIABLE? Peter Tillers [FNd1] Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, New York, USA Jonathan Gottfried [FNr1] Attorney, Friedman, Kaplan Seiler & Adelman LLP, ...

...(Tillers confesses that he's betting on the advocates of heuristic mathematical analysis.) But one thing about that long-running and often acrimonious ...

130

5 Law, Probability & Risk 159 Law, Probability & Risk June, 2006 CASE COMMENT--UNITED STATES v. COPELAND, 369 F. SUPP. 2D 275 (E.D.N.Y. 2005): QUANTIFICATION OF THE 'PROOF BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT' STANDARD James Franklin [FNd1]

... on the relation of the evidence to the hypothesis of guilt falsifies the situation. On the other hand, as Peter Tillers points out, [FN3] quantification with imprecise numbers is still quantification, and so arguments that there is no precise number to ...

... such as [FN1]. KEYNES, J. M. (1921) Treatise on Probability. London, Macmillan, c. 1. [FN2]. KEYNES, Treatise, c. 3. [FN3]. TILLERS, P., Law, Probability and Risk, 5, 2006 (in press) [FN4]. KEYNES, Treatise, c. 6; COHEN, L. J. (1985) Twelve questions ...

...[FN9]. Though possibly sometimes relevant to sentencing: TILLERS, P. (2005) If wishes were horses: discursive comments on attempts to prevent individuals from being unfairly burdened by their reference ...

131

5 Law, Probability & Risk 167 Law, Probability & Risk June, 2006 COMMENT ON THE MEANING OF 'PROOF BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT' Jack B. Weinstein Ian Dewsbury

... the rate of improper convictions is not clear. Keywords: burden of proof; reasonable doubt; quantification; jury instructions. 1. Introduction Prof. Tillers's and Jonathan Gottfried's analysis supporting a quantified jury instruction on the meaning of proof beyond a reasonable doubt is persuasive. ...

... the law abhors the conviction of a person who is not guilty'. [FN16] We were influenced in part by the Tillers-Franklin debate. The jury convicted all four defendants, though we almost entertained a 'reasonable doubt' about one of them. Were the ...

... a conviction'. [FN17] Aside from the question of appellate courts' antipathy towards such an instruction, as properly noted by Prof. Tillers, it would probably be opposed by prosecutors and defense counsel. Prosecutors would object on the grounds that this quantification requires ...

132

91 Iowa L. Rev. 1209 Iowa Law Review May 2006 Article PRESUPPOSITIONS OF EVIDENCE LAW John Leubsdorf [FNa1]

... (2001). [FN47]. See generally, e.g., Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988); Symposium, Decision and Influence in Litigation, 13 Cardozo L. Rev. 253 (1991). Wigmore's complex-chart method ...

... States, 335 U.S. 469, 475-76 (1948); 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trial at Common Law § 58.2, at 1212 (Tillers ed., 1983); Friedman, supra note 207, at 979 (urging that the character-evidence rules should be based not on the claim ...

133

16 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 789 Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal Spring 2006 Symposium: Documentaries & The Law VIDEOTAPED CONFESSIONS AND THE GENRE OF DOCUMENTARY Jessica Silbey [FNa1]

... Fusco v. Gen. Motors Corp., 11 F.3d 259, 263 (1st Cir. 1993)). [FN15]. Wigmore, Evidence § 24, at 944 (P. Tillers rev. 1983); see also Silbey, supra note 8, at 567 & nn. 281-83. [FN16]. Silbey, supra note 8, at 501. ...

134

80 St. John's L. Rev. 497 Saint John's Law Review Spring 2006 Article THE ALIENABILITY OF EVIDENTIARY PRIVILEGES: OF PROPERTY AND EVIDENCE, BURDEN AND BENEFIT, HEARSAY AND PRIVILEGE Edward J. Imwinkelried [FNd1]

... Richard R. Powell, Powell on Real Property (Michael Allan Wolf ed., 2005) [17 vols.]; 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence (Peter Tillers rev., 1983) [10 vols.]. [FN3]. See Fed. R. Evid. 804(b)(3). [FN4]. See 2 Charles T. McCormick, McCormick On Evidence § ...

135

81 Ind. L.J. 473 Indiana Law Journal Spring, 2006 Article THE BLAMING FUNCTION OF ENTITY CRIMINAL LIABILITY Samuel W. Buell [FNa1]

... "split[] off the emotional element in criminal intent"). [FN63]. See Fed. R. Evid. 404(b); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 57 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (explaining that potential prejudice could lead to a conviction not for guilt for the charged crime, but for ...

136

36 N.M. L. Rev. 341 New Mexico Law Review Spring, 2006 SHOULD THE TAIL WAG THE DOG?: THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF RECIDIVISM DATA ON CHARACTER EVIDENCE RULES Charles H. Rose III [FNa1]

... heard by the jury. Id. at 4. [FN5]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence § 54.1, at 1152 (Peter Tillers rev. ed. 1983) [hereinafter Wigmore Revised]. The issue then becomes what sort of balance should be used to weigh the ...

... L.J. 663 (1998); Chris William Sanchiro, Character Evidence and the Object of Trial, 101 Colum. L. Rev. 1227 (2001); Peter Tillers, What Is Wrong with Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781 (1998); H. Richard Uviller, Evidence of Character to Prove Conduct: ...

... and its potential uses at trial). [FN233]. See, e.g., Mendez, Character Evidence Reconsidered, supra note 177; Orenstein, supra note 177; Tillers, supra note 177; Sanchiro, supra note 177. [FN234]. See, e.g., Leonard, supra note 232; Melilli, supra note 232. [FN235]. See, ...

137

5 Law, Probability & Risk 75 Law, Probability & Risk March, 2006 Book Review FOUNDATIONS OF EVIDENCE LAW [FNa1] BY A. STEIN OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2005 Déirdre M. Dwyer [FNd1]

...[FN21]. LEMPERT, R. (1986) The new evidence scholarship: analyzing the process of proof. Boston University Law Review, 66, 439; TILLERS, P. (2003) Scattered Background Material for the 2003 Konstanz Lectures. http:// tillers.net/uncertainlaw/handout.htm (5 November 2006). [FN22]. For example, AIGLER, R. ...

138

59 Tax Law. 497 Tax Lawyer Winter, 2006 Article TAX CONTROVERSY OVERBURDENED: A CRITIQUE OF HEIGHTENED STANDARDS OF PROOF John Gamino [FNa1]

... ... have been able to show that people think and decide in ways that have systematic biases and distortions."); Peter Tillers, Diverse Models of Evidence and Inference: Mapping Inferential Domains, 66 B.U. L. REV. 883, 920 n.62 (1986) ("[A]ll information acquired ...

139

40 U. Rich. L. Rev. 419 University of Richmond Law Review January, 2006 Article AN EVIDENTIARY PARADOX: DEFENDING THE CHARACTER EVIDENCE PROHIBITION BY UPHOLDING A NON-CHARACTER THEORY OF LOGICAL RELEVANCE, THE DOCTRINE OF CHANCES Edward J. Imwinkelried [FNa1]

... note 34, at 182 (quoting 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 58.2, at 1213 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983)). [FN70]. 1A Wigmore, supra note 69, § 58.1, at 1212; see also id. § 58.1, at 1212 n.3 ...

140

1 McCormick On Evid. § 184 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 7. Relevancy and Its Counterweights Chapter 16. Relevance § 184. Relevance as the presupposition of admissibility

... them gifts following his wife's death was properly admitted in a homicide prosecution); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 28, at 975 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN2] See Thayer, Preliminary Treatise on Evidence 264-66 (1898); 1A Wigmore Evidence § 28, at 969 n.2 (Tillers ...

141

1 McCormick On Evid. § 185 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 7. Relevancy and Its Counterweights Chapter 16. Relevance § 185. The meaning of relevancy and the counterweights

... E.F. Roberts, John W. Strong, Eleanor Swift. [FN1] See, e.g., 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence § 2, at 18 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983); George F. James, Relevancy, Probability and the Law, 29 Calif. L. Rev. 689, 690-91 (1941). [FN2] The matters ...

... of probative value have been advanced. E.g., Friedman, A Close Look at Probative Value, 66 B.U. L. Rev. 733 (1986); Tillers & Schum, Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 907, 939-40 (1988). Some of these 390-91 ...

... act). So too with evidence that the accused had an opportunity to commit the killing, 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 131 (Tillers rev. 1983), or that he expressed an intention to do so shortly before the death. Id. at §§ 102-03. Motive, ...

142

1 McCormick On Evid. § 189 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 7. Relevancy and Its Counterweights Chapter 17. Character and Habit § 189. Character for care in civil cases

... 205 N.W. 124 (Mich.1925) (testimony of conductor that motorman had a reputation for recklessness inadmissible); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 65 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN9] Harriman v. Pullman Palace-Car Co., 85 Fed. 353, 354 (8th Cir.1898) (error to admit evidence that porter ...

143

1 McCormick On Evid. § 190 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 7. Relevancy and Its Counterweights Chapter 17. Character and Habit § 190. Bad character as evidence of criminal conduct: other crimes

... that the rule seeks to prevent. [FN7] People v. Molineux, 61 N.E. 286, 294 (N.Y.1901); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 57 (Tillers rev. 1983); 1 Wigmore, Evidence §§ 192-94 (3d ed. 1940). [FN8] The enumeration in Uniform Rule 404(b) (rev. 2005) is ...

...[FN43] 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 131 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN44] United States v. DeJohn, 638 F.2d 1048, 1053 (7th Cir.1981) (testimony of YMCA security guard and city ...

...126 (Wash.1967) (prior acts of incest with victim admissible to show lustful inclination towards victim); 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 626.2 (Tillers rev. 1983); cf. State v. Crossman, 624 P.2d 461, 464 (Kan.1981) (where illicit sexual acts between an adult and child ...

144

1 McCormick On Evid. § 191 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 7. Relevancy and Its Counterweights Chapter 17. Character and Habit § 191. Good character as evidence of lawful conduct: proof by the accused and rebuttal by the government

... D.H. Kaye, Robert P. Mosteller, E.F. Roberts, John W. Strong, Eleanor Swift. [FN1] See generally 1A Wigmore, Evidence §§ 55-60 (Tillers rev. 1983); 3A id. § 925 (Chadbourn rev. 1970). It is said that the practice of permitting evidence of good ...

145

1 McCormick On Evid. § 193 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 7. Relevancy and Its Counterweights Chapter 17. Character and Habit § 193. Character of victim in cases of assault, murder, and rape

... Kaye, Robert P. Mosteller, E.F. Roberts, John W. Strong, Eleanor Swift. [FN1] See generally 1A Wigmore, Evidence §§ 62, 63 (Tillers rev. 1983); Slough, Relevancy Unraveled, 5 Kan. L. Rev. 404, 440 (1957); Annot., Admissibility of Evidence of Pertinent Trait Under ...

146

1 McCormick On Evid. § 195 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 7. Relevancy and Its Counterweights Chapter 17. Character and Habit § 195. Habit and custom as evidence of conduct on a particular occasion

... Imwinkelried, D.H. Kaye, Robert P. Mosteller, E.F. Roberts, John W. Strong, Eleanor Swift. [FN1] See generally 1A Wigmore, Evidence 92 (Tillers rev. 1983); Green, Relevancy and Its Limits, 1969 Ariz. St. L.J. (L. & Soc. Order) 533, 549-51; Falknor, "Customary" Negligence, ...

147

1 McCormick On Evid. § 210 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 7. Relevancy and Its Counterweights Chapter 20. Experimental and Scientific Evidence § 210. Probabilities as evidence: identification evidence generally

... statistical norm. For further analysis, see Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Limits and Uses of Bayesianism (Tillers & Green eds. 1988); Koehler & Shaviro, Veridical Verdicts: Increasing Verdict Accuracy Through the Use of Overtly Probabilistic Evidence and Methods, ...

... using informal language, and ... that this approach has the best prospect of assisting the legal decision-making process." [FN37] See Tillers & Green, supra note 3; Brilmayer & Kornhauser, Review: Quantitative Methods and Legal Decisions, 46 U.Chi.L.Rev. 116 (1978). [FN38] See Tribe, ...

148

1 McCormick On Evid. § 211 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 7. Relevancy and Its Counterweights Chapter 20. Experimental and Scientific Evidence § 211. Probabilities as evidence: paternity testing

... P.2d 1209 (Or.1987). Virtually all commentators outside of the paternity testing community concur. 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 165a, at 1797-98 (Tillers rev. 1983) (however, aspects of Wigmore's explanation of the "probability of paternity" are incorrect); authorities cited, Kaye, supra note 7, ...

149

2 McCormick On Evid. § 249 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 10. The Hearsay Rule and Its Exceptions Chapter 24. The Hearsay Rule § 249. Some out-of-court utterances that are not hearsay[FN1]

... § 246 supra. [FN35] As to the admissibility of the evidence under varying circumstances, see 1A Wigmore, Evidence §§ 70-76 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN36] Lubbock Feed Lots, Inc. v. Iowa Beef Processors, Inc., 630 F.2d 250 (5th Cir.1980) (apparent agency); Otis ...

150

2 McCormick On Evid. § 275 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 10. The Hearsay Rule and Its Exceptions Chapter 26. Spontaneous Statements § 275. Statements of physical or mental condition: (c) statements of intention offered to show subsequent acts of declarant[FN1]

... Case of the Anonymous Corpse, 19 American Heritage 51 (No. 4, June, 1968). [FN2] See 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 102 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN3] See supra § 185. [FN4] See supra § 274 note 8. [FN5] United States v. Annunziato, 293 ...

... v. King, 114 N.E. 601 (Ill.1916); Buel v. State, 80 N.W. 78 (Wis.1899). See generally 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 140 (Tillers rev. 1983). Others recognized a discretionary power of the trial court to admit. See Alexander v. United States, 138 U.S. ...

151

2 McCormick On Evid. § 338 (6th ed.) McCormick on Evidence Current through the 2006 Update Kenneth S. Broun[FNa0] Title 12. Burden of Proof and Presumptions Chapter 36. The Burdens of Proof and Presumptions[FN1] § 338. Satisfying the burden of producing evidence

... the rule would severely impede the ordinary and valid uses of circumstantial evidence. See generally 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 41 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN14] Speas v. Merchants' Bank & Trust Co., 125 S.E. 398, 401 (N.C.1924); 31A C.J.S., Evidence § 121 ...

152

40 Suffolk U. L. Rev. 237 Suffolk University Law Review 2006 Note EXCLUSIVE ADMISSIBILITY OF SPECIFIC ACT EVIDENCE IN INITIAL-AGGRESSOR SELF-DEFENSE CASES: ENSURING EQUITY WITHIN THE ADJUTANT FRAMEWORK Andrew G. Scott

... victim's character for violence is unnecessary. 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 63, at 1369 (Tillers ed. 1983). In making his case, Wigmore contrasts the lack of need for personal knowledge under the "initial aggressor" theory ...

153

2006 J. Disp. Resol. 181 Journal of Dispute Resolution 2006 Symposium DESIGNER TRIALS Elizabeth Thornburg [FNa1]

... undermine the accuracy of the fact-finding process merely because the parties had agreed to a certain regimen of proof," Professor Tillers, the 1985 reviser, welcomed limits on party autonomy based on "an old-fashioned belief that the forms of justice should not ...

... the power of the contracting future litigants. [FN122]. JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW 563 n.2 (Peter Tillers rev. 1985). [FN123]. See generally id. § 7a. [FN124]. Id. at 562-63. [FN125]. For example, under the rules of procedure ...

154

80 Tul. L. Rev. 411 Tulane Law Review December, 2005 Article THE TWO UNANSWERED QUESTIONS OF ILLINOIS V. CABALLES: HOW TO MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR BINARY SEARCHES Ric Simmons [FNa1]

... 81 A.L.R. 5th 563, 585 (2000); 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law §177 (revised by Peter Tillers 1983). [FN107]. The dog's handlers described how the dog "Rex" alerted, the intensive training regimen the dog had undergone, and ...

155

46 Jurimetrics J. 3 Jurimetrics Journal Fall, 2005 Symposium: Forensic Statistics Part I THE IMPORTANCE OF CHECKING THE ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: GRAPHICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING NORMALITY Yulia Gel, Weiwen Miao, Joseph L. Gastwirth [FNa1]

... the Statistical Evidence in the Shonubi Case, in STATISTICAL SCIENCE IN THE COURTROOM 415-43 (Joseph L. Gastwirth ed. 2000); Peter Tillers, Introduction: Three Contributions to Three Important Problems in Evidence Scholarship, 18 CARDOZO L. REV. 1875, 1879-89 (1997). [FN36]. The p-value ...

156

46 Jurimetrics J. 65 Jurimetrics Journal Fall, 2005 Symposium: Forensic Statistics Part I ANALYZING THE RELEVANCE AND ADMISSIBILITY OF BULLET-LEAD EVIDENCE: DID THE NRC REPORT MISS THE TARGET? William C. Thompson [FNa1]

... other types of evidence, such as hearsay. See generally DAVID A. SCHUM, THE EVIDENTIAL FOUNDATIONS OF PROBABILISTIC REASONING (1994); Peter Tillers & David A. Schum, Hearsay Logic, 76 MINN. L. REV. 813 (1992); David A. Schum, Hearsay From a Layperson, 14 CARDOZO ...

... 27 LAW & HUM. BEHAV. 645, 649 (2003); Richard O. Lempert, Modeling Relevance 75 MICH. L. REV. 1021, 1025 (1977); Tillers & Schum, supra note 8, at 833; BERNARD ROBERTSON & G.A. VIGNAUX, INTERPRETING EVIDENCE: EVALUATING FORENSIC SCIENCE IN THE COURTROOM 17 ...

157

71 Brook. L. Rev. 1 Brooklyn Law Review Fall, 2005 Symposium: Crawford and Beyond: Exploring the Future of the Confrontation Clause in Light of Its Past INTRODUCTION Robert M. Pitler [FNd1]

... example, an indigent criminal defendant's right to assigned counsel. [FN81] Finally, with respect to history, Cardozo Law School Professor Peter Tillers provides a brief, amusing, thoughtful essay, "Legal History for a Dummy: A Comment on the Role of History in Judicial ...

... Dummy: A Comment on the Role of History in Judicial Interpretation of the Confrontation Clause." [FN82] A self-confessed non-historian, Professor Tillers finds both Professors Kirst and Davies persuasive regarding the inaccurate history in Crawford that they argue misinformed the Crawford decision. ...

...[FN82]. Peter Tillers, Legal History for a Dummy: A Comment on the Role of History in Judicial Interpretation of the Confrontation Clause, 71 ...

158

71 Brook. L. Rev. 235 Brooklyn Law Review Fall, 2005 Symposium: Crawford and Beyond: Exploring the Future of the Confrontation Clause in Light of Its Past LEGAL HISTORY FOR A DUMMY A Comment on the Role of History in Judicial Interpretation of the Confrontation Clause Peter Tillers [FNd1]

...LEGAL HISTORY FOR A DUMMY A Comment on the Role of History in Judicial Interpretation of the Confrontation Clause Peter Tillers [FNd1] Copyright © 2005 by Brooklyn Law Review; Peter Tillers I struggled quite a bit over what I should talk ...

... what some of you are thinking. You're thinking, "I know Justice Scalia. In any event, I know something about you, Tillers, and I know this much: Tillers, you're no Scalia!" I confess that I'm no Justice Scalia. In particular, I confess ...

...It's time for ignoramus Tillers to make a reappearance. If the Scalias of the judicial world can't get their legal history straight, it's practically certain ...

159

90 Cornell L. Rev. 1487 Cornell Law Review September, 2005 Article DEVIANCE, DUE PROCESS, AND THE FALSE PROMISE OF FEDERAL RULE OF EVIDENCE 403 Aviva Orenstein [FNd1]

... tendency in military cases). See generally John Henry Wigmore, 1A Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 62.2, at 1334-35 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983) ("Do such decisions show that the general rule against the use of propensity evidence against an accused ...

160

4 Law, Probability & Risk 33 Law, Probability & Risk March/June, 2005 IF WISHES WERE HORSES: DISCURSIVE COMMENTS ON ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT INDIVIDUALS FROM BEING UNFAIRLY BURDENED BY THEIR REFERENCE CLASSES Peter Tillers [FNd1]

...IF WISHES WERE HORSES: DISCURSIVE COMMENTS ON ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT INDIVIDUALS FROM BEING UNFAIRLY BURDENED BY THEIR REFERENCE CLASSES Peter Tillers [FNd1] Professor of Law, Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, 55 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA Copyright © ...

... of Law, Yeshiva University, 55 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA Copyright © 2005 by Oxford University Press; Peter Tillers [Received on 19 December 2004; revised on 25 December 2004; accepted on 31 December 2004] Group-to-individual inferences are inevitable. They ...

...[FN15]. TILLERS, P. (1997) Introduction: three original contributions to three important problems in the law of evidence. Cardozo L. Rev., 18, 1875. ...

161.

28 Fordham Int'l L.J. 1109 Fordham International Law Journal April, 2005 Articles THE LOGIC & LIMITS OF THE "EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES TEST" IN MAGILL AND IMS HEALTH Christian Ahlborn, David S. Evans, A. Jorge Padilla [FNa1]

... those mistakes). [FN162]. See generally Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988). [FN163]. Assuming that there are no errors at the assessment of dominance. [FN164]. See Keith ...

162.

57 Stan. L. Rev. 291 Stanford Law Review November, 2004 Article EVIDENCE, PROCEDURE, AND THE UPSIDE OF COGNITIVE ERROR Chris William Sanchirico [FNa1]

... to cognitive limitations. See, e.g., 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 58.2, at 1212-34 (Peter Tillers ed., 4th ed. 1983) (justifying restrictions on character evidence as an adaptation to jury overweighing); Rachlinski, Hindsight, supra note 10, ...

163.

48 How. L.J. 459 Howard Law Journal Fall 2004 Book Review JUDGING JUDGES JUDGING Stephen J. Fortunato, Jr. [FNa1]

... also 28 U.S.C. §§ 2071-74 (2000). In his capacity as reviser of John Henry Wigmore's classic Treatise on Evidence, Peter Tillers discusses the Federal Codification Movement. Regarding the Rules of Evidence, he observes, inter alia, that: While... Title 28 expressly recognizes ...

164.

36 Rutgers L.J. 261 Rutgers Law Journal Fall 2004 Notes CLOSING THE DOOR TO THE TRUTH IN STATE V. VANDEWEAGHE Samuel H. Ritterman [FNa1]

... Atlantic County superior court. [FN24]. 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 15, at 733- 34 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN25]. Id. at 736 (citing Phelps v. Hunt, 43 Conn. 194, 199 (1875)). The court in Phelps wrote, ...

165.

30 No. 4 Litigation 3 Litigation Summer, 2004 From the Bench A COMMENT ON "STREETWISE LITIGATION"--UNWISE ADVICE FOR TRIAL LAWYERS James C. Hill

... trials. Perhaps as good a summation as any is found at Wigmore on Evidence, Vol I, § 8c (p. 633) (Tillers rev. 1983): Tens of thousands of trials have forced these elements out into the open, where thousands of judges have ...

166

3 Law, Probability & Risk 109 Law, Probability & Risk June, 2004 THE EFFECT OF LEGAL CULTURE AND PROOF IN DECISIONS TO PROSECUTE John D. Jackson [FNd1]

... an anonymous reader for comments on an earlier version of this article. [FNd1]. E-mail: j.jackson@qub.ac.uk [FN1]. See, for example, P Tillers and D Schum, 'A Theory of Preliminary Fact Investigation' 24 UC Davis Law Review 931, 937-938 (1991). [FN2]. W Twining, ...

167

56 Baylor L. Rev. 503 Baylor Law Review Spring 2004 Articles RETHINKING TEXAS EVIDENCE RULE 103 Frederick C. Moss [FNa1]

... there was a split among the federal circuits. Ohler, 529 U.S. at 755. [FN191]. See, e.g., 1 Wigmore, Evidence §18 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("[A] party who has made an unsuccessful motion in limine to exclude evidence that he expects the proponent ...

168

71 U. Chi. L. Rev. 511 University of Chicago Law Review Spring 2004 Article A THIRD VIEW OF THE BLACK BOX: COGNITIVE COHERENCE IN LEGAL DECISION MAKING Dan Simon [FNd1]

... 253-1079 (1991); Symposium: Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence, 66 BU L Rev 377-952 (1986), excerpted as Peter Tillers and Eric D. Green, eds, Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism (Kluwer ...

... Bayesian analysis to explain basic concepts in evidence). [FN160]. See, for example, David H. Kaye, Introduction: What Is Bayesianism?, in Tillers and Green, eds, Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence 1 (cited in note 157). [FN161]. See, for example, ...

169

90 Va. L. Rev. 1 Virginia Law Review March, 2004 Article CONSTITUTIONAL DECISION RULES Mitchell N. Berman [FNa1]

... infra note 422. [FN419]. See 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 1, at 4 (Peter Tillers ed., rev. ed. 1983). [FN420]. Indeed, hornbooks and treatises on evidence routinely criticize courts for referring to burdens of proof ...

170

3 Law, Probability & Risk 33 Law, Probability & Risk March, 2004 ANALYSING REASONING ABOUT EVIDENCE WITH FORMAL MODELS OF ARGUMENTATION Henry Prakken [FNr1]

... on the same problem. An example of sense-making software for evidential reasoning is Tiller and Schum's MarshalPlan project (Schum & Tillers, 1991), an early, pre-world-wide-web Hypertext application that supports preliminary fact investigations. The main difference between knowledge-based and sense-making systems is ...

... 2001 Alternative views of argument construction from a mass of evidence. Cardozo Law Review, 22, 1461-1502. SCHUM, D. A & TILLERS, P. 1991 Marshalling evidence for adversary litigation. Cardozo Law Review, 13, 657-704. TWINING, W. 1999 Necessary but dangerous? Generalizations and ...

171

79 Wash. L. Rev. 251 Washington Law Review February, 2004 Symposium THE COMMON LAW PROCESS: A NEW LOOK AT AN ANCIENT VALUE DELIVERY SYSTEM Dennis J. Sweeney [FNa1]

... 41 P.3d 1159, 1168 n.6 (2002) (citing John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law §18, at 836 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983)); State v. Ellis, 136 Wash. 2d 498, 521, 963 P.2d 843, 855 (1998) (applying decisional law rather than ...

172

79 Notre Dame L. Rev. 497 Notre Dame Law Review February, 2004 Article SCIENTIFIC ACTIVISM AND RESTRAINT: THE INTERPLAY OF STATISTICS, JUDGMENT, AND PROCEDURE IN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW David E. Adelman [FNa1]

... O. Finkelstein, Quantitative Methods in Law 87-98, 103-04, 289- 310 (1978); Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence (P. Tillers & E.D. Green eds., 1988); David L. Faigman & A.J. Baglioni Jr., Bayes' Theorem in the Trial Process: Instructing Jurors on ...

173

65 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 227 University of Pittsburgh Law Review Winter 2004 Article "HE LOOKS GUILTY": REFORMING GOOD CHARACTER EVIDENCE TO UNDERCUT THE PRESUMPTION OF GUILT Josephine Ross [FNa1]

... States v. Myers, 550 F.2d 1036, 1044 (5th Cir. 1977)). [FN80]. Wigmore, Evidence In Trials At Common Law § 58.2 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN81]. Federal Rules of Evidence 404(b) allows "other crimes, wrongs, or acts" to show proof of "motive, opportunity, ...

...[FN118]. Gross, supra note 98, at 853. See also Peter Tillers, What Is Wrong with Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781, 812 (1998) ("In short, American trial lawyers have been exploring ...

174

37 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 493 University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Winter 2004 Articles JUDGES AS FILM CRITICS: NEW APPROACHES TO FILMIC EVIDENCE Jessica M. Silbey [FNa1]

... 11 F.3d 259, 263 (1st Cir. 1993). [FN124]. Herlihy, supra note 45, at 140 (quoting 1 Wigmore, Evidence §24 (C.P. Tillers rev. 1970)). [FN125]. See, e.g., Air Shields v. Spears, 590 S.W.2d 574, 580 (Tex. 1979) ("The pictures are factual and ...

...[FN269]. Herlihy, supra note 45, at 140 (quoting 1 J. Wigmore, Evidence §24, C.P. Tillers rev. 1970). [FN270]. Cisarik v. Palos Cmty. Hosp., 579 N.E.2d 873, 874 (Ill. 1991). [FN271]. Bazin, supra note 174, at ...

... "Real" evidence is just another way of talking about "the thing itself." See 1 J. Wigmore, Evidence §214 at 944 (Tillers rev. 1983) (using the term "autoptic profference" instead of "real evidence" to avoid "the fallacy of attributing an evidential quality ...

175

79 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 1111 Chicago-Kent Law Review 2004 Symposium: "Law &": Philosophical, Psychological, Linguistic, and Biological Perspectives on Legal Scholarship VALUING INSIDE KNOWLEDGE: POLICE INFILTRATION AS A PROBLEM FOR THE LAW OF EVIDENCE Jacqueline E. Ross [FNa1]

... New Evidence Scholarship: Analyzing the Process of Proof, in Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence 61, 71 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988). [FN36]. United States v. Coleman, 284 F.3d 892, 894 (8th Cir. 2002); United States v. ...

176

12 CommLaw Conspectus 101 CommLaw Conspectus 2004 Comment JURIS DOCTOR.COM: ARE FULL-TIME INTERNET LAW SCHOOLS THE BEGINNING OF THE END FOR TRADITIONAL LEGAL EDUCATION? Robert J. Salzer

... Pamela Mendels, Test Preparation Company Offers Virtual Law Degree, at http://pages.nyu.edu/~fmh1/classes/innovations_in_higher_ed/kaplanlaw.HTM (Sept. 23, 1998). [FN91]. Id. [FN92]. Id. [FN93]. Peter Tillers, There is Something Foul in Legal Education. And the Internet is Part of the Cure, at http:// jurist.law.pitt.edu/lessons/lesdec00.htm (last visited ...

177

49 Am. J. Juris. 43 American Journal of Jurisprudence 2004 Article EPISTEMOLOGY LEGALIZED: OR, TRUTH, JUSTICE, AND THE AMERICAN WAY Susan Haack [FNa1]

... Lempert, "The New Evidence Scholarship," in Probability and the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism, eds. Peter Tillers and Eric D. Green (Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer, 1988), 61-102. [FN10]. Charles Sanders Peirce, Collected Papers, eds. Charles Hartshorne, Paul ...

178

2004 U. Ill. L. Rev. 899 University of Illinois Law Review 2004 Article THE MEANING OF PROBABILITY JUDGMENTS: AN ESSAY ON THE USE AND MISUSE OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS Charles Yablon [FNa1]

... theories); David H. Kaye, Introduction: What Is Bayesianism?, in Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence 1, 3-5 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988) (describing seven types of probability). An even bigger issue is whether Pascalian mathematical probability analysis ...

179.

10 Legal Writing: J. Legal Writing Inst. 163 Legal Writing: The Journal of the Legal Writing Institute 2004 Article INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY: TEACHING STUDENTS TO COMMUNICATE IN ANOTHER MEDIUM [FNa1] Pamela Lysaght [FNaa1] Danielle Istl [FNaaa1]

... Quill Pens, and Microchips: Teaching Legal Writers in the Electronic Age, 75 Neb. L. Rev. 802, 844-845 (1996). [FN7]. Peter Tillers, There Is Something Foul in Legal Education. And the Internet Is Part of the Cure, http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/lessons/lesdec00.htm (accessed May 7, 2003). ...

180.

74 Miss. L.J. 279 Mississippi Law Journal Special Edition 2004 Symposium: the Tools to Interpret the Fourth Amendment MAKING THE RIGHT GAMBLE: THE ODDS ON PROBABLE CAUSE Ronald J. Bacigal [FNa1]

... of probabilities in particular factual contexts--not readily, or even usefully, reduced to a neat set of legal rules."). [FN158]. Peter Tillers, Intellectual History, Probability, and the Law of Evidence, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 1465, 1484 (1993). [FN159]. 267 U.S. 132 (1925). ...

181

2003 Mich. St. L. Rev. 1205 Michigan State Law Review Winter 2003 Visions of Rationality in Evidence Law Symposium ARGUMENTATION SCHEMES: THE BASIS OF CONDITIONAL RELEVANCE Douglas Walton [FNa1]

... in Trials at Common Law. [FN44] The 1983 edition has a substantial number of footnotes written by the editor, Peter Tillers. These lengthy footnotes bring the developments further along to 1983, and help explain Wigmore's views and those of other leading ...

... using statistical probability of one sort or another. Most notable is the Bayesian approach to evidence represented by Schum. [FN55] Tillers concluded that although interest in this type of analysis continued, the theory has had little direct influence on proof-taking processes ...

... and too formalistic, and that it ought to be replaced by the notion of conditional probative value. [FN84] Professor Peter Tillers expressed doubts both about Ball's idea of abolishing conditional relevance and Friedman's idea of replacing it with conditional probative value. ...

182

2003 Mich. St. L. Rev. 1065 Michigan State Law Review Winter 2003 Visions of Rationality in Evidence Law Symposium MAPPING EVIDENCE LAW [FNa1] Gregory Mitchell [FNaa1]

... about the practical significance of biases and errors and how they might be avoided. [FNa1]. In Mapping Inferential Domains, Peter Tillers sought to show the value to evidence law of mapping out the role of theories of inference and the role ...

... evidence law of mapping out the role of theories of inference and the role of theory in inference. See Peter Tillers, Mapping Inferential Domains, 66 B.U. L. Rev. 883, 936 (1986) ("(E)vidence may be partitioned in different ways and . . ...

183

2003 Mich. St. L. Rev. 1243 Michigan State Law Review Winter 2003 Visions of Rationality in Evidence Law Symposium RATIONALITY AND RELEVANCY: CONDITIONAL RELEVANCY AND CONSTRAINED RESOURCES Craig R. Callen [FNa1]

... jury. [FN50] First, conditional relevancy is very difficult to square with the conventional modern understanding of relevancy, particularly what Professor Tillers and others have called the theory of minimal relevancy. [FN51] The text of Federal Rule 401 seems to reflect the ...

... first shots were fired by Vaughn C. Ball, The Myth of Conditional Relevancy, 14 Ga. L. Rev. 435 (1980). Professor Tillers soon followed. See 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law, § 14.1, at 715-31 (Peter Tillers rev. ...

... John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law, § 14.1, at 715-31 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (hereinafter Wigmore, Evidence (Tillers rev.)). Subsequent telling criticism (which varies from arguments for reform to advocacy of outright abolition) includes Ronald J. Allen, The ...

184

2003 Mich. St. L. Rev. 849 Michigan State Law Review Winter 2003 Visions of Rationality in Evidence Law Symposium RATIONALITY, NATURALISM, AND EVIDENCE LAW Mike Redmayne [FNa1]

... e.g., Richard D. Friedman, Thoughts from Across the Water on Hearsay and Confrontation, 1998 Crim. L. Rev. 697, 706-09; Peter Tillers, What is Wrong with Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781, 783- 812 (1998). [FN98]. See supra note 89. There may ...

185

2 Law, Probability & Risk 237 Law, Probability & Risk December, 2003 SUBSTANCE AND STRUCTURE IN ASSESSMENT ARGUMENTS Robert J. Mislevy

... introduced by Wigmore (1937) and Toulmin (1958), broadened and extended more recently by contemporary evidence scholars such as Schum (1994), Tillers & Schum (1991), and Anderson & Twining (1991). These ideas jibe well with the conception of test validity as the grounding ...

... evidentiary analysis in jurisprudence, where one starts with observations (and usually gathers more along the way) but constructs arguments retrospectively (Tillers & Schum, 1991) [FN2]. The emphasis is on positing, testing, and comparing alternative theories of the events in question. The comparisons ...

... of the assessment data. THOMPSON, P. W. 1982 Were lions to speak, we wouldn't understand. J. Math. Behavior, 3, 147-165. TILLERS, P. & SCHUM, D. A. 1991 A theory of preliminary fact investigation. U.C. Davis Law Rev., 24, 907-966. TOULMIN, S. ...

186

34 U. Balt. L.F. 2 University of Baltimore Law Forum Summer/Fall, 2003 Article REFORMING THE CRIMINAL LAW: UNIVERSITY OF BALTIMORE SCHOOL OF LAW GROUP GOES TO ANNAPOLIS Lynn McLain [FN1]

... Basic Knowledge about Disease, Birth Control, USA TODAY, May 20, 2003, at D.08. [FN92]. 1A WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE § 62 (Tillers rev., 1983) (emphasis added). [FN93]. Jennie G. Noll, et al., A Prospective Investigation of the Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse ...

187.

2 Law, Probability & Risk 215 Law, Probability & Risk September, 2003 SIMPLE HEURISTICS AND LEGAL EVIDENCE Alvin I. Goldman [FNd1]

... lion's share of attention and analysis in the legal context, both pro and con (Finkelstein & Fairley, 1970; Lempert, 1977; Tillers & Green, 1988; Friedman, 1987, 1991; Kadane & Schum, 1996; Kaye, 1997; Goldman, 2002; Cohen, 1977; Allen, 1997). The attraction of ...

... 2003 The admissibility of expert testimony about cognitive science research on eyewitness identification. Law, Probability & Risk, 2, to appear. TILLERS, P. & GREEN, E. D. (eds.) 1988 Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of ...

188

51 Am. J. Comp. L. 659 American Journal of Comparative Law Summer 2003 Articles RETHINKING THE STANDARDS OF PROOF Michele Taruffo [FNa1]

... Trial Lawyers," in Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence. The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism, ed. by P. Tillers and E.D. Green (1988) at 337. [FN19]. See id., at 260. [FN20]. See mainly Cohen, L.J., The Probable and the ...

189

97 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1769 Northwestern University Law Review Summer 2003 Essay THE MYTH OF THE LAW-FACT DISTINCTION Ronald J. Allen [FNa1] Michael S. Pardo [FNaa1]

... perfectly predictable sense of chaos surrounding the matter. [FN199] Collectively, the work product of the commentators makes the same point. Tillers and Lawson argue, but tentatively, that "law" and "fact" are quite similar, maybe identical; [FN200] Monaghan and Friedman argue, but ...

... up against the equally strong sense that something is amiss in the legal system's treatment of the issue. This leads Tillers and Lawson to make arguments that should lead to the conclusion that law is just a species of fact, but ...

... 40 S. Tex. L. Rev. 351 (1999); Ronald J. Allen, Truth and its Rivals, 49 Hastings L.J. 309 (1998); Peter Tillers, The Value of Evidence in Law, 39 N. Ireland Legal Q. 167 (1988). All three note the law's general failure ...

190

2 Law, Probability & Risk 91 Law, Probability & Risk June, 2003 EVIDENCE AS A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SUBJECT William Twining [FNd1]

... have those interested in economic analysis, post-modernism and critical legal studies directed their attention to issues of evidence. [FN54] Peter Tillers expressed the hope that 'the general subject-matter of this conference is [should be] the relationship between (i) reasoning about evidence ...

... this conference promises to add much to the enterprise. Acknowledgements I am grateful to Terry Anderson, David Schum, and Peter Tillers for helpful comments on an earlier draft. I owe a much broader debt to Peter Tillers and David Schum. Indeed, ...

... Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning. I hope, too, that it is a reaffirmation of some of the basic ideas of Peter Tillers to whose extraordinary enthusiasm, energy and insights we owe not only this conference, but a whole evidence community that extends ...

191

2 Law, Probability & Risk 117 Law, Probability & Risk June, 2003 EPISTEMOLOGY AND LEGAL REGULATION OF PROOF Mirjan Damaska

... even when they engage in interstitial jurisgenerative activity, wish to know whether facts exist that prompted them to legislate. Cf. TILLERS, P. 1988 The Value of Evidence in Law. No. Ire. Leg. Q., 39, 167. Nevertheless, their impulse to shape a ...

192

5 J. App. Prac. & Process 205 Journal of Appellate Practice and Process Spring, 2003 Developments and Practice Notes LEGAL AND APPELLATE WEBLOGS: WHAT THEY ARE, WHY YOU SHOULD READ THEM, AND WHY YOU SHOULD CONSIDER STARTING YOUR OWN Gary O'Connor, Stephanie Tai [FNa1]

... April 8, 2003). [FN32]. Blueblanketblog, supra n. 6; How Green Is My Country, <http:// greenlaw.blogspot.com/> (accessed April 8, 2003). [FN33]. Tillers on Evidence, <http:// jurist.law.pitt.edu/views/blogs/tillers/index.htm> (accessed April 8, 2003). [FN34]. The Manifest Border, <http://manifestborder.blogspot.com/> (accessed April 8, 2003). ...

193

60-FEB Bench & B. Minn. 14 Bench and Bar of Minnesota February, 2003 Column MANY "BLAWGS" PROVIDE PRACTICAL INFORMATION Robert J. Ambrogi [FNa1]

... trademark, parody, fair use and technology legal issues, from Kevin J. Heller, a lawyer with Manhattan's Gursky & Ederer. [x] Tillers on Evidence, http:// jurist.law.pitt.edu/views/blogs/tillers/index.htm. Postings are infrequent on this blog by Cardozo Law School Professor Peter Tillers, but he promises ...

194

46-FEB Res Gestae 28 Res Gestae January/February, 2003 Department MANY 'BLAWGS' PROVIDE PRACTICAL INFORMATION Robert J. Ambrogi [FNa1]

... copyright, trademark, parody, fair use and technology legal issues, from Kevin J. Heller, a lawyer with Manhattan's Gursky & Ederer. Tillers on Evidence, http:// jurist.law.pitt.edu/views/blogs/tillers/index.htm. Postings are infrequent on this blog by Cardozo Law School Professor Peter Tillers, but he promises ...

195

2003 U. Ill. L. Rev. 1115 University of Illinois Law Review 2003 Notes PROSECUTORIAL USE OF OTHER ACTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FOR PROPENSITY PURPOSES: A BRIEF LOOK AT ITS PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE Andrea M. Kovach [FNa1]

... than the strength of the evidence of the charged crime.'). [FN78]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence §58.2, at 1212-13 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983) ('The natural and inevitable tendency of the tribunal... is to give excessive weight to the vicious record of ...

196

34 Seton Hall L. Rev. 191 Seton Hall Law Review 2003 Expert Admissibility Symposium: What Is the Question? What Is the Answer? How should the Court Frame A Question to Which Standards of Reliability Are to Be Applied? RELIABILITY AND THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EXPERTS Dale A. Nance [FNa1]

... to the interpretation of Rule 702. [FN102]. See 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 28 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN103]. The quote is from Justice Stewart's famous concurring opinion in Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 184, 197 ...

197

21 QLR 813 QLR 2003 Article EVIDENCE LAW AS PRAGMATIC LEGAL RHETORIC: RECONNECTING LEGAL SCHOLARSHIP, TEACHING AND ETHICS Eileen A. Scallen [FN1]

... analysis, which is not unique to law but which has been productively employed by Evidence scholars such as Professors Peter Tillers and Richard Friedman to help analyze the decision-making of fact-finders in conditions of uncertainty when they are presented with new ...

... were Professors Edward Imwinkelried, University of California, Davis (discussing "statutory approaches"); Andrew Taslitz, Howard University (discussing "critical approaches") and Peter Tillers, Cardozo School of Law (discussing "Bayesian" approaches). [FN6]. Farber & Sherry, supra note 4, at 38-40. I think I am ...

198

21 QLR 731 QLR 2003 Article CLINICAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE TEACHING OF EVIDENCE AND TRIAL ADVOCACY Richard A. Posner [FNa1]

... avoid giving the student the theoretical perspectives on evidence law, the sort of thing one finds, for example, in Peter Tillers' recent edited volume. [FN5] The result is a course that many students find boring and useless. I don't wish to ...

... at the "Conference on Evidence," sponsored by the Association of American Law Schools. I thank Ronald Allen, Richard Friedman, Peter Tillers, and the other participants in the conference for their helpful comments. [FN1]. See Richard A. Posner, An Economic Approach to ...

...[FN5]. The Dynamics of Judicial Proof: Computation, Logic, and Common Sense (Marilyn MacCrimmon & Peter Tillers ed. 2002). [FN6]. See United States v. Carroll Towing Co., 159 F.2d 169, 173 (2d Cir. 1947) (L. Hand, J.); ...

199

27 Vt. L. Rev. 217 Vermont Law Review Fall, 2002 Note VERMONT RULE OF EVIDENCE 404(B) ADMISSIBILITY OF PRIOR BAD ACTS IN THE "CONTEXT" OF CHILD MOLESTATION CASES Clara Gimenez [FNa1]

... on Evidence § 190 (John William Strong ed., 4th ed. 1992). FN12. Id. § 185. FN13. Id. But see Peter Tillers, What's Wrong with Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781, 782-793 (1998) (finding unconvincing some of the traditional arguments against character ...

... recidivism data supports the common sense view of the difference between "ordinary people" and those that commit "outrageous crimes"); Peter Tillers, supra note 13, at 782 (theorizing that character is the "internal operating system" of humans). FN16. Mendez, Stable Personality, supra ...

...FN48. Park, supra note 15, at 779; see also Tillers, supra note 13, at 831 ("[T]he standard justifications for a prohibition against circumstantial character evidence are unconvincing. Nonetheless, the use ...

200

54 Baylor L. Rev. 581 Baylor Law Review Fall 2002 Article FEAR OF COMMITMENT? IN STANDEFER V. STATE THE TEXAS COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS CLARIFIES THE ROLE OF COMMITMENT QUESTIONS IN JURY SELECTION IN CRIMINAL TRIALS John R. Gillespie [FNa1]

... State, 33 Tex. 37, 38 (1870)). [FN111]. IA John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 26 (Peter Tillers, rev., Little, Brown & Co., 1983). [FN112]. Id. [FN113]. Only using the most Orwellian double-speak could such a juror be ...

201.

42 Jurimetrics J. 373 Jurimetrics Journal Summer, 2002 Article WHEN DO COURTS THINK BASE RATE STATISTICS ARE RELEVANT? Jonathan J. Koehler [FNa1]

... and the Provable 64-67 (1977); Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988); Bernard Robertson & G. A. Vignaux, Interpreting Evidence: Evaluating Forensic Science in the Courtroom 21-23 ...

202.

1 Law, Probability & Risk 1 Law, Probability & Risk July, 2002 AN INTRODUCTION FROM THE EDITORS C.G.G. Aitken M. Redmayne F. Taroni P. Tillers

...July, 2002 AN INTRODUCTION FROM THE EDITORS C.G.G. Aitken M. Redmayne F. Taroni P. Tillers Copyright © 2002 by Oxford University Press; C.G.G. Aitken, M. Redmayne, F. Taroni, P. Tillers The ruling in 1996 by ...

203.

1 Law, Probability & Risk 3 Law, Probability & Risk July, 2002 THE ERROR OF EQUAL ERROR RATES D. H. Kaye [FNd1]

... and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Limits and Uses of Bayesianism, Vol. 1. (E. D. Green & P. Tillers, eds). Dordrecht: Kluwer. KAYE, D. H. 1999 Clarifying the burden of persuasion: what Bayesian decision rules do and do not ...

204.

1 Law, Probability & Risk 49 Law, Probability & Risk July, 2002 Book Review BREAKING THE DEADLOCK: THE 2000 ELECTION, THE CONSTITUTION, AND THE COURTS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2001. PP. 266. US$24.95. ISBN 0-691-09073-4 Peter Tillers

... THE DEADLOCK: THE 2000 ELECTION, THE CONSTITUTION, AND THE COURTS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2001. PP. 266. US$24.95. ISBN 0-691-09073-4 Peter Tillers Copyright © 2002 by Oxford University Press; Peter Tillers On November 7, 2000, citizens of the United States of America ...

205.

23 J. Legal Med. 269 Journal of Legal Medicine June, 2002 Commentary PHYSICIAN HABIT EVIDENCE IN INFORMED CONSENT CASES Justin L. Ward [FNa1]

... 826. [FN18]. 1 A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 93, at 1625 (Revised by Peter Tillers, 1983). [FN19]. See FISHMAN, supra note 11, at 662. [FN20]. Id. at 662-63. [FN21]. See MUELLER & KIRKPATRICK, supra note ...

206.

42 Jurimetrics J. 237 Jurimetrics Journal Spring, 2002 Articles QUASI-OBJECTIVE BAYESIANISM AND LEGAL EVIDENCE Alvin I. Goldman [FNa1]

... a Reasonable Doubt?, in PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE: THE USES AND LIMITS OF BAYESIANISM 129 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988); DAVID A. SCHUM, THE EVIDENTIAL FOUNDATIONS OF PROBABILISTIC REASONING (1994); Michael O. Finkelstein & William ...

... & SOC'Y REV. 105 (1982); David A. Schum, Knowledge, Probability, and Credibility, 2 J. BEHAV. DECISION MAKING 39 (1989); Peter Tillers & David A. Schum, Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore, 9 CARDOZO L. REV. 907 (1988). [FN2]. See JOSEPH ...

... SACCO AND VANZETTI EVIDENCE (1996); PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE: THE USES AND LIMITS OF BAYESIANISM (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988) [hereinafter PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE]. [FN3]. See JONATHAN L. COHEN, THE PROBABLE AND THE PROVABLE (1977); ...

207.

12 Duke Envtl. L. & Pol'y F. 265 Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum Spring 2002 Article BAYESIAN APPROACHES TO THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE Stephen Charest [FNa1]

... What is Bayesianism?, in Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism 1 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988) (discussing Bayesian terminology). [FN37]. Bayesian statistics applies to other families of probability distributions as well, ...

208

1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 238 John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law Spring, 2002 THE THREE STAGES TO SUCCESSFUL APPELLATE ADVOCACY BEFORE THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT Charles W. Shifley [FNa1]

... not followed to object to an order for a bench trial. [FN17]. 1 WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE § 20a, at 864 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("An offer of proof ... is required because an appellate court needs an adequate basis for determining whether ...

210

77 Notre Dame L. Rev. 373 Notre Dame Law Review February, 2002 Article TREATING MEDICAL MALPRACTICE CLAIMS UNDER A VARIANT OF THE BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE Jeffrey O'Connell [FNa1] Andrew S. Boutros [FNd1]

... certainty see id. at 662 n.29 (citing Barbara J. Shapiro, Beyond Reasonable Doubt and Probable Cause 1- 41 (1991); Peter Tillers, Intellectual History, Probability and the Law of Evidence, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 1465 (1993) (reviewing Shapiro's book Beyond Reasonable Doubt ...

211

40 Fam. Ct. Rev. 36 Family Court Review January, 2002 Unbundled Legal Services and Unrepresented Family Court Litigants THE PRO SE LITIGANT'S STRUGGLE FOR ACCESS TO JUSTICE Meeting the Challenge of Bench and Bar Resistance Jona Goldschmidt [FNa1]

... 110 P.2d 1025, 1030, 17 Cal. 2d 563 (1941). [FN116]. Houghtaling, supra note 111, at 859, citing 1 Wigmore, EVIDENCE (Tillers rev. ed. 1983) § 4d. 1, pp. 213-14. "Indeed, the occasional resistance to this policy of relaxed rules is described ...

212

35 U. Rich. L. Rev. 1085 University of Richmond Law Review January, 2002 Article CIVIL PROCEDURE BY CONTRACT: A CONVOLUTED CONFLUENCE OF PRIVATE CONTRACT AND PUBLIC PROCEDURE IN NEED OF CONGRESSIONAL CONTROL David H. Taylor [FNa1] Sara M. Cliffe [FNaa1]

...[FN10]. See id. [FN11]. 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law, § 7a, at 605 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (emphasis added) [hereinafter Wigmore]. [FN12]. See, e.g., Linda Mullenix, Another Easy Case, Some More Bad Law: Carnival Cruise ...

213

2002 Wis. L. Rev. 1237 Wisconsin Law Review 2002 Comment PRIOR UNTRUTHFUL ALLEGATIONS UNDER WISCONSIN'S RAPE SHIELD LAW: WILL THOSE WORDS COME BACK TO HAUNT YOU? Tracey A. Berry [FNa1]

... 1 Hal. P.C. 635). [FN2]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 924(a), at 736 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (1904). Wigmore was a strong advocate for the admissibility of evidence of the alleged victim's chastity (or lack ...

214

87 Va. L. Rev. 1491 Virginia Law Review December 2001 Symposium NATURALIZED EPISTEMOLOGY AND THE LAW OF EVIDENCE Ronald J. Allen [FNa1] Brian Leiter [FNaa1]

... What is Bayesianism?, in Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism 1 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988); John Kaplan, Decision Theory and the Factfinding Process, 20 Stan. L. Rev. 1065 (1968); Richard ...

215

51 J. Legal Educ. 568 Journal of Legal Education December, 2001 General Article TEACHING EVIDENCE, PROOF, AND FACTS: PROVIDING A BACKGROUND IN FACTUAL ANALYSIS AND CASE EVALUATION Peter W. Murphy [FNa1]

... us with some procedure for combining probative force assessments within and across chains of reasoning in an evidence chart." Peter Tillers & David A. Schum, Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 907, 939 (1988). Tillers and ...

216

101 Colum. L. Rev. 1227 Columbia Law Review October, 2001 Article CHARACTER EVIDENCE AND THE OBJECT OF TRIAL Chris William Sanchirico [FNa1]

... practice, the case is no different. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 55, at 1157-59 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN28]. Situationism's chief tract is Walter Mischel, Personality and Assessment (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 1996) (1968). Support for ...

217

26 Law & Soc. Inquiry 893 Law and Social Inquiry Fall 2001 Review Essay VISIONS OF FACT; LANGUAGES OF EVIDENCE: HISTORY, MEMORY, AND THE TRAUMA OF LEGAL RESEARCH Austin Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns, Eds. History, Memory, and the Law. Amherst Series in Law, Jurisprudence, and Social Thought. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. Pp. 328. $57.50. Bill Maurer [FNa1]

... New Evidence Scholarship. In Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limitations of Bayesianism, ed. P. Tillers and E. Green. Boston: Kluwer Academic. Mertz, Elizabeth. Forthcoming. The Perfidy of the Gaze and the Pain of Uncertainty: Anthropological ...

218.

70-SEP J. Kan. B.A. 30 Journal of the Kansas Bar Association September, 2001 Journal Article CALL IT A "PLAN" AND A DEFENDANT'S PRIOR (SIMILAR) SEXUAL MISCONDUCT IS IN: THE DISAPPEARANCE OF K.S.A. 60-455 Troy W. Purinton [FNa1]

... judge's tendency to accord excessive weight to propensity evidence); 1A John Henry Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence, § 58.2, at 1212 (Tillers rev. 1983) (discussing overvaluation of propensity evidence by the jury); M.C. Slough, "Other Vices, Other Crimes: An Evidentiary Dilemma," 20 ...

219.

41 Jurimetrics J. 513 Jurimetrics Journal Summer, 2001 Book Review SIMPLE HEURISTICS THAT MAKE US SMART GERD GIGERENZER ET AL., EDITORS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1999 416 PAGES, $35 ISBN: 0195121562 Informational Indigestion and Rationality Craig R. Callen [FNa1]

... [FN70] A more specific issue is whether exclusion of evidence that might adversely affect fact-finding accuracy is elitist. [FN71] Professor Tillers sometimes says of debates about the utility of logical models in evidence that there are "no knockout arguments." [FN72] That ...

... v. Shonubi, 895 F. Supp. 460, 493 (E.D.N.Y. 1995), vacated, 103 F.3d 1085 (2d Cir. 1997). [FN72]. See, e.g., Peter Tillers, Mapping Inferential Domains, in PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE 277, 278 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green ...

220.

22 Cardozo L. Rev. 1365 Cardozo Law Review July, 2001 Symposium: Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Proof INTRODUCTION: A PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE ON "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND JUDICIAL PROOF" Peter Tillers [FNa1]

...Symposium: Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Proof Introduction INTRODUCTION: A PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE ON "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND JUDICIAL PROOF" Peter Tillers [FNa1] Copyright © 2001 Yeshiva University; Peter Tillers I. A new type of scholarship about evidence in litigation first surfaced ...

...Peter Tillers *** Dynamic Proof: A Rough Sketch of Some Basic Attributes of Forensic Investigation and Proof • Warning!: This sketch quite ...

... my work on this kind of software continues). A brief description of that sort of software is available at Peter Tillers, MarshalPlan (1998), at http:// www.tiac.net/users/tillers/marshal.html (last visited Feb. 13, 2001). My principal reservations about AI applications in judicial proof had ...

221.

22 Cardozo L. Rev. 1433 Cardozo Law Review July, 2001 Symposium: Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Proof WHAT IS "COMMON" ABOUT COMMON SENSE?: CAUTIONARY TALES FOR TRAVELERS CROSSING DISCIPLINARY BOUNDARIES Marilyn MacCrimmon [FNa1]

... argued that the "juridical decision-making context does not possess the necessary conditions for the application of subjective Bayesianism." [FN18] Peter Tillers, the co-organizer of this symposium, has discussed the dangers in some detail. In 1983 he stated: For our own part, ...

... systemic statement obscures the complex mental processes that we actually employ and should employ to evaluate evidence. [FN19] More recently, Tillers has actively explored the possibilities of systematic approaches, suggesting the following: I do not for a moment believe that the ...

... and these are what we must look at if we wish to discover the values which are really implicit."' [FN36] Tillers's description of the dynamics of judicial proof, distributed during the planning stage for this symposium, sets out some of the ...

222.

22 Cardozo L. Rev. 1461 Cardozo Law Review July, 2001 Symposium: Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Proof ALTERNATIVE VIEWS OF ARGUMENT CONSTRUCTION FROM A MASS OF EVIDENCE David A. Schum [FNa1]

... in probabilistic reasoning, else you could end up on an "inferential loop" from which you could not extricate yourself. As Tillers and I have noted, [FN12] Wigmore could not have realized that his networks had this property since the mathematics underlying ...

... Similarity Networks (1991). [FN11]. See, e.g., Ross D. Shachter, Evaluating Influence Diagrams, 34 Operations Res. 871 (1986). [FN12]. See Peter Tillers & David Schum, Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 907 (1988). [FN13]. See L.A. Zadeh, ...

223.

22 Cardozo L. Rev. 1503 Cardozo Law Review July, 2001 Symposium: Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Proof EXPLAINING RELEVANCE Paolo Garbolino [FNa1]

... thank all the participants, and, in particular, David Schum, for the obvious debt I owe to his work, and Peter Tillers for the fine job performed in organizing the conferences. [FN1]. See Joseph Kadane & David Schum, A Probabilistic Analysis of ...

...[FN21]. This way of speaking has been suggested to me by Peter Tillers. [FN22]. See Statistical Explanation and Statistical Relevance (Wesley Salmon et al. eds., 1971). [FN23]. See Probability and Inference in the ...

... al. eds., 1971). [FN23]. See Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988). [FN24]. Kadane & Schum, supra note 1, at 53. [FN25]. Id. (quoting John MacArthur Maguire, ...

224.

22 Cardozo L. Rev. 1645 Cardozo Law Review July, 2001 Symposium: Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Proof SPECIES OF ABDUCTIVE REASONING IN FACT INVESTIGATION IN LAW David A. Schum [FNa1]

... Our thoughts and our evidence must be marshaled or organized in various ways, as I have argued elsewhere. [FN37] Peter Tillers and I have devoted considerable attention to the development of ways in which computers might be employed as capable assistants ...

... Sebeok, supra note 12, at 206. [FN36]. See id. at 216-17. [FN37]. See Schum, supra note 3. [FN38]. See Peter Tillers & David A. Schum, A Theory of Preliminary Fact Investigation, 24 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 931-1012 (1991). [FN39]. See Kadane & ...

225.

22 Cardozo L. Rev. 1733 Cardozo Law Review July, 2001 Symposium: Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Proof LOGICAL ARGUMENTATION, ABDUCTION AND BAYESIAN DECISION THEORY: A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO LOGICAL ARGUMENTS AND ITS APPLICATION TO LEGAL EVIDENTIAL REASONING David Poole [FNa1]

...explanation(s), from which we can bound probabilities, we can also do marginalization to reduce the detail of arguments. Tillers's example of judicial proof in the quandry of Able Attorney is used to show how the framework could be used ...

... first-order belief networks (Bayesian networks); and as a framework for abduction and argumentation. I will then show some axioms from Tillers's example, and show the outputs of our prototype implementation. I. Knowledge Representation In order to understand what Artificial Intelligence ("AI") ...

...III. Tillers's Example Peter Tillers presented an example of judicial proof in the quandary of Able Attorney. [FN17] In this section I ...

226.

55 U. Miami L. Rev. 1023 University of Miami Law Review July, 2001 2001 Evidence Symposium PERRY MASON MEETS THE "LEGITIMATE TENDENCY" STANDARD OF ADMISSIBILITY (AND DOESN'T LIKE WHAT HE SEES) Brett C. Powell [FNa1];

...[FN38]. Id. [FN39]. Id. (citations omitted). [FN40]. 1A Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 139, at 200 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN41]. 138 U.S. 353 (1891). [FN42]. Id. at 354. [FN43]. "[W]e recognize a certain discretion on the part ...

227.

55 U. Miami L. Rev. 1101 University of Miami Law Review July, 2001 2001 Evidence Symposium EVIDENCE OF INNOCENCE OFFERED BY THE CRIMINAL DEFENDANT: "NOT SO FAST"; RESPONSE Kenneth W. Graham, Jr.

... Lawrence M. Friedman, Crime and Punishment in American History 460 (1993). [FN66]. 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence §139 at 1724 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN67]. See, e.g., United States v. Crenshaw, 698 F.2d 1060, 1064 (9th Cir. 1983); People v. Hall, 718 ...

228.

22 Whittier L. Rev. 723 Whittier Law Review Spring 2001 Article BLUE SMOKE OR SCIENCE? THE CHALLENGE OF ASSESSING EXPERTISE OFFERED AS ADVOCACY Bruce Abramson [FNa1]

...Reasoning and Hearsay Logic. David A. Schum, The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1994); Peter Tillers & David Schum, Hearsay Logic, 76 Minn. L. Rev. 813 (1992). [FN121]. Tribe, Trial by Mathematics, supra n. 120 at 1338. ...

229.

34 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 615 U.C. Davis Law Review Spring 2001 Edward L. Barrett, Jr. Lecture on Constitutional Law PRICKING BOILS, PRESERVING ERROR: ON THE HORNS OF A DILEMMA AFTER OHLER V. UNITED STATES L. Timothy Perrin [FNa1]

... (1977);1 J. Strong, McCormick on Evidence § 55, 246 (5th ed. 1999); 1 J. Wigmore, Evidence § 18, 836 (P. Tillers rev. 1983)). [FN227]. Ohler, 529 U.S. at 762 (Souter, J., dissenting). [FN228]. Id. at 763-64. Justice Souter argues that the ...

230.

74 Temp. L. Rev. 231 Temple Law Review Spring 2001 Case Note EVIDENCE--REEVALUATING CRIMINAL DEFENSE TRIAL STRATEGY: WHY DEFENDANTS NEED TO THINK TWICE BEFORE INTRODUCING PRIOR CONVICTIONS ON DIRECT EXAMINATION--OHLER V. UNITED STATES, 529 U.S. 753 (2000). Emily L. Mirsky

... § 11, 65 (1977); 1 Strong, supra note 139 § 55, 246; 1 J. Wigmore, Evidence § 18, 836 (P. Tillers rev. 1983)). [FN177]. Ohler, 529 U.S. at 764 (Souter, J., dissenting). [FN178]. Id. (Souter, J., dissenting). [FN179]. Id. (Souter, J., ...

231.

7 Tex. Wesleyan L. Rev. 183 Texas Wesleyan Law Review Spring 2001 Note & Comment THE STATE CAN REST: TEXAS RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 44.2(B) AND "HARMLESS" ERROR Mark McAdoo

... in administration and the elimination of unjustifiable expense and delay."). [FN6]. See generally 1 Wigmore on Evidence § 21 n.17 (Tillers rev. 1983) (providing an exhaustive but dated historical survey of every American jurisdiction's version of harmless error statutes). [FN7]. See ...

232.

79 Tex. L. Rev. 1199 Texas Law Review April, 2001 Essay OF TWO WRONGS THAT MAKE A RIGHT: TWO PARADOXES OF THE EVIDENCE LAW AND THEIR COMBINED ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION Alex Stein [FNa1]

... ed., Greenwood Press, 1978) (1919). [FN11]. See 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 41 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983) (explaining that the weakest link in a chain of inferences determines the strength of the conclusion that can ...

233.

110 Yale L.J. 733 Yale Law Journal March, 2001 Article RETHINKING THE PUZZLE OF ESCALATING PENALTIES FOR REPEAT OFFENDERS David A. Dana [FNd1]

... ("Common sense...is the principal basis both for believing character evidence to be probative, and for fearing its prejudicial effect."); Peter Tillers, What Is Wrong with Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781, 785 (1998) (discussing the "undue prejudice" rationale for excluding bad ...

234.

86 Iowa L. Rev. 467 Iowa Law Review January, 2001 Article EVIDENTIARY RELEVANCE, MORALLY REASONABLE VERDICTS, AND JURY NULLIFICATION Todd E. Pettys [FNa1]

... minimal probative value. See 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials and at Common Law § 28, at 969 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983). Rather than take Wigmore's approach and require that evidence have more than some minimal quantum of probative force, ...

235.

86 Iowa L. Rev. 533 Iowa Law Review January, 2001 Article CYBERADJUDICATION Michael Abramowicz [FNa1]

... adjudicative web, such a web probably should be more complicated than a simple weighting of different witnesses' stories. See Peter Tillers & David Schum, Hearsay Logic, 76 Minn. L. Rev. 813, 821 n.16 (1992) (explaining that credibility can be indirectly relevant). ...

236.

34 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 439 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review January, 2001 Article CHARACTER AND MOTIVE IN EVIDENCE LAW David P. Leonard [FNa1]

... Rev. 777, 794 (1981). [FN38]. 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 52, at 1148 (Peter Tillers ed., rev. ed. 1983). [FN39]. Charles T. McCormick, Handbook on the Law of Evidence § 162, at 340-41 (1954). ...

237.

52 Mercer L. Rev. 789 Mercer Law Review Winter 2001 Casenote OHLER V. UNITED STATES: DEFENDANTS WAIVE APPELLATE REVIEW BY REDUCING THE STING OF PRIOR CONVICTION IMPEACHMENT EVIDENCE Misty Dawn Garrett

...[FN96]. Id. [FN97]. Id. [FN98]. Id. (citing 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence § 18, at 836 (P. Tillers rev. 1983) ("[A] party who has made an unsuccessful motion in limine to exclude evidence that he expects the proponent ...

238

76 Notre Dame L. Rev. 643 Notre Dame Law Review January, 2001 Article ON LAW AND CHASTITY Robert E. Rodes, Jr. [FNa1]

... tale. Id. For further examples of Wigmore's view, see 1 id. at 1312-34, 1602- 05, 1860; 3A id. at 736-47. Tillers is judicious in his explanation of Wigmore's attitude. See John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law 1259-332 (Peter ...

... is judicious in his explanation of Wigmore's attitude. See John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law 1259-332 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983). Ploscowe is almost as worried as Wigmore about false accusations. See Ploscowe, supra note 26, at 187-94. ...

239

80 Neb. L. Rev. 159 Nebraska Law Review 2001 Article CONSENSUAL MODIFICATIONS OF THE RULES OF EVIDENCE: THE LIMITS OF PARTY AUTONOMY IN AN ADVERSARY SYSTEM John W. Strong [FNa1]

... of the problem of stipulations seems to have been taken." 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence § 7a, at 563 (Peter Tillers ed. 1983). [FN5]. Wigmore appears to be the only major commentator to give the question extended treatment. See id. § ...

240

60 Md. L. Rev. 315 Maryland Law Review 2001 Note A MATCH MADE IN MARYLAND: HOWARD CHASANOW AND THE LAW OF EVIDENCE Alan D. Hornstein [FNa1] Nichole G. Mazade [FNaa1]

... has been made. See 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 15, at 731 & n.2 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983) (citing cases from Iowa, Oregon, and Minnesota that follow this contrary view). [FN78]. Clark, 332 Md. at ...

241

2000 Sing. J. Legal Stud. 443 Singapore Journal of Legal Studies December, 2000 Article Weight of Oral Evidence in Criminal Proceedings Tan Yock Lin [FNa1]

... vi, Discourse on Natural Theology, Note V). [FN110]. Science of Judicial Proof (1937). See also Wigmore on Evidence vol 1A (Tillers rev, 1983) at 1106-1138. [FN111]. Strictly, so-called non-credibility evidence does not exist since nearly, if not, all evidence in the ...

242

88 Cal. L. Rev. 2437 California Law Review December, 2000 Symposium of the Law in the Twentieth Century ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF EVIDENCE LAW REFORM: THAYER'S TRIUMPH Eleanor Swift [FNd1]

... task, and would at least reduce the dangers of judicial venality, oppression, favoritism, political pressure, and corruption. See also Peter Tillers, What Is Wrong with Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781, 790 (1998). [FN168]. Professor Miguel A. Méndez notes that recidivism ...

...[FN170]. Professor Tillers asserts that the character rule "owes its existence to a concern for human autonomy" by which he means that law ...

... to a concern for human autonomy" by which he means that law must treat humans as "autonomous and self-governing creatures." Tillers, supra note 167, at 793 n.27, 795. Therefore, unless one's character is autonomously chosen, it is immoral to punish a ...

243

75 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1563 New York University Law Review December, 2000 Article THE HEURISTICS OF INTELLECTUAL DUE PROCESS: A PRIMER FOR TRIERS OF SCIENCE Erica Beecher-Monas [FNa1]

... of other scientists). [FN392]. See Popper, supra note 36, at 120-21 (arguing for importance of empirical corroboration). [FN393]. See Peter Tillers, Mapping Inferential Domains, 66 B.U. L. Rev. 883, 887-88 (1986) (arguing that Bayesianism, Baconian rationalism, fuzzy set theory, and "scenario" ...

244

95 Nw. U. L. Rev. 399 Northwestern University Law Review Fall 2000 Comment JURIDICAL PROOF, EVIDENCE, AND PRAGMATIC MEANING: TOWARD EVIDENTIARY HOLISM Michael S. Pardo [FNa1]

... a heuristic device in understanding evidence and evidentiary doctrines, and a standard to judge the success of jurors. [FN97] Professor Tillers suggests eight reasons why Bayesian literature is important: 1) The theories and interpretations may be valid. [FN98] 2) Regardless, they ...

... [FN164] To date, the two most substantive articulations of a holistic vision come from works by M.Y. Abu-Hareira and Peter Tillers. [FN165] While these works both raise objections to the atomistic evaluation of evidence, they address different concerns and neither fully ...

... vision of evidentiary interpretation would look like. [FN167] Before discussing Quine's theory, I examine the approaches of Professors Abu-Hareira and Tillers, the philosophical context of Quine's theory, and the theory's applicability to the understanding of juridical proof and evidence. A. The ...

245

47 UCLA L. Rev. 1521 UCLA Law Review August, 2000 Symposium CALIFORNIA'S RACIAL HISTORY AND CONSTITUTIONAL RATIONALES FOR RACE-CONSCIOUS DECISION MAKING IN HIGHER EDUCATION Richard Delgado [FNa1]; Jean Stefancic [FNaa1]

... Entomology, University of California at Berkeley). [FN614]. See infra notes 636, 639-640 and accompanying text; see also Ann Foley Scheuring, Tillers: An Oral History of Family Farms in California 182 (1983). [FN615]. See Scheuring, supra note 614, at 182. [FN616]. Samuel ...

246

23 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 711 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy Summer 2000 Article IN DEFENSE OF THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE Timothy Lynch [FNa1]

... set, two bows and a sheath containing six arrows, a pair of green coveralls, a riding lawn mower, three garden tillers, a brown leather pouch containing miscellaneous gun shells, a holster, several stereo systems, a CB radio base station, two soft ...

247

51 Ala. L. Rev. 1651 Alabama Law Review Summer, 2000 Commentary CHARACTER EVIDENCE AND SEX CRIMES IN ALABAMA: MOVING TOWARD THE ADOPTION OF NEW FEDERAL RULES 413, 414 & 415 John David Collins

... State, No. CR-98- 0677, 1999 WL 1128991, at *3 (Ala. Crim. App. 1999). [FN19]. 1A WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE § 58.1 (Tillers rev. 1983). Many commentators attribute the 1810 opinion of Rex. v. Cole as the source of the character evidence prohibition. ...

248

75 Ind. L.J. 1103 Indiana Law Journal Summer, 2000 Note REVISITING INDIANA'S RULE OF EVIDENCE 404(B) AND THE LANNAN DECISION IN LIGHT OF FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE 413-415 Ellen H. Meilaender [FNa1]

... would give it too much weight. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 58.2, at 1212-13 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). Thus, for policy reasons, we might wish to exclude this evidence even while admitting its relevancy. Once ...

249

68 Fordham L. Rev. 1643 Fordham Law Review April, 2000 Symposium WHO STOLE THE COOKIE FROM THE COOKIE JAR?: THE LAW AND ETHICS OF SHIFTING BLAME IN CRIMINAL CASES Ellen Yankiver Suni [FNa1]

... 5 Tex. Wesleyan L. Rev. 307, 325 (1999) [hereinafter Gross, Unfortunate Faith]. [FN251]. 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 139, at 1724 (Tillers. Rev. 1983). [FN252]. State v. Scheidell, 595 N.W.2d 661, 671 (Wis. 1999) ("An additional concern is erroneous acquittals; a judge ...

250

52 Stan. L. Rev. 873 Stanford Law Review April, 2000 Commentary A PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE, NOT OF EVEN ODDS Richard D. Friedman [FNa1]

... What is Bayesianism?, in Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism 1 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988), published in slightly different form as D.H. Kaye, What is Bayesianism? A Guide for the ...

251

22 Hastings Comm/Ent L.J. 265 Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal (COMM/ENT) Winter 2000 Article THE OWNED PUBLIC DOMAIN: THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT NOT TO BE EXCLUDED - OR THE SUPREME COURT CHOSE THE RIGHT BREAKFAST CEREAL IN KELLOGG V. NATIONAL BISCUIT CO. Malla Pollack [FNa1]

... [FN44] So why, as Proudhon famously asks, does thefirst worker hold the land in perpetuity? Why does government force later tillers and improvers to settle for bare subsistence wages paid by the idle decedents of the original tillers? [FN45] The "as ...

252

2 Wash. U. J.L. & Pol'y 109 Washington University Journal of Law and Policy 2000 Patent Law and Policy Symposium ON IMPROVING THE LEGAL PROCESS OF CLAIM INTERPRETATION: ADMINISTRATIVE ALTERNATIVES John F. Duffy [FNa1]

... methods of establishing propositions of law are analytically similar to the methods of proving facts. See id. at 862; Peter Tillers, The Value of Evidence in Law, 39 N. IR. LEGAL Q. 167 (1988) (arguing that legal actors rely on evidentiary ...

253

49 Drake L. Rev. 71 Drake Law Review 2000 Essay SEDUCED BY NARRATIVE: PERSUASION IN THE COURTROOM Laurie C. Kadoch [FNa1]

... 1031 (1975) (discussing approaches for controlling the adversary system to achieve reasoning founded on the search for the truth); Peter Tillers & David Schum, Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 907 (1988) (investigating three methods of ...

... of reference and exploring the relationship between law and the general aspects of other disciplines relevant to law). [FN14]. See Tillers & Schum, supra note 13, at 909 (exploring the effect of graphical representations of evidence on a jury's interpretation of proof). ...

254

2000 U. Ill. L. Rev. 763 University of Illinois Law Review 2000 Article CHARACTERISTICS OF SOULLESS PERSONS: THE APPLICABILITY OF THE CHARACTER EVIDENCE RULE TO CORPORATIONS Susanna M. Kim [FNa1]

... Jr., Federal Practice & Procedure § 5233 (1978). [FN3]. See 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence § 54.1, at 1150 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983). One of the problems associated with the character evidence rule involves the complexity of its practical application. "The ...

... actual moral and psychical disposition or sum of traits." 1A Wigmore, supra note 3, § 52, at 1148. [FN8]. Peter Tillers, What Is Wrong with Character Evidence?, 49 Hastings L.J. 781, 782 (1998). [FN9]. See id. at 824-25. [FN10]. See id. ...

...[FN50]. See Tillers, supra note 8, at 832. Studies have shown that the "specific setting in which judgment about a person is made ...

255

45 S.D. L. Rev. 130 South Dakota Law Review 2000 Notes STATE V. HART: TEARING THE HEART OUT OF RULES 404(A) & 405(A) Tiffani K. Landeen-Hoeke

...[FN170]. Fed. R. Evid . 405(a) advisory committee's note. [FN171]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence § 58.2, at 1212 (Tillers rev. 1983). As one court has noted: "Evidence has 'probative value' if it tends to prove an issue." U.S. v. ...

256

14 Notre Dame J.L. Ethics & Pub. Pol'y 679 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics and Public Policy 2000 Article SEX AND LIES: RULES OF ETHICS, RULES OF EVIDENCE, AND OUR CONFLICTED VIEWS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HONESTY Diane H. Mazur [FNa1]

... and the other does not. [FN84]. See 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law §§ 62, 62.1 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN85]. See 3A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law §§ 924, 924a (Chadbourn rev. 1970). ...

257

31 Ariz. St. L.J. 1395 Arizona State Law Journal Winter, 1999 Comment STATE V. HARRISON, THE HARMLESS ERROR DOCTRINE, AND CRIMINAL SENTENCING IN ARIZONA: IS THE HOLSTUN RULE CONSTITUTIONAL? Gessner Harley Harrison [FNa1]

... See LaFave & Israel, supra note 20, § 27.6(a), at 1160. [FN42]. See 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 21, at 884 (Tillers rev. 1983) (referring to the "original and orthodox English rule" as being plain). Wigmore notes that the King's Bench, Court ...

258

77 Wash. U. L.Q. 947 Washington University Law Quarterly Fall 1999 Note PROPENSITY EVIDENCE UNDER RULE 413: THE NEED FOR BALANCE Erik D. Ojala

... and similar acts exception). [FN27]. See 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 58.2, at 1213 (Tillers ed., rev. ed. 1983); Office of Legal Policy, U.S. Dep't of Justice, 'Truth in Criminal Justice' Series, Report No. 4, ...

259

1999 L. Rev. Mich. St. U. Det. C.L. 701 Law Review of Michigan State University Detroit College of Law Fall 1999 Comment THE EMPEROR'S OLD CLOTHES: A PROSECUTOR'S REPLY TO MR. LEITMAN CONCERNING EXCLUSION OF EVIDENCE FOR STATUTORY VIOLATIONS [FN1] Timothy A. Baughman [FN2]

... evidence protected from legislative change, a legislature has the power to alter or create any rule of evidence." [FN65] As Tillers' revision to Wigmore demonstrates, this view of Wigmore is subject to serious question today given various state decisions with regard ...

260

40 S. Tex. L. Rev. 351 South Texas Law Review Summer 1999 Symposium NARRATIVE AND GENERALIZATIONS IN ARGUMENTATION ABOUT QUESTIONS OF FACT [FNa1] William Twining [FNaa1]

... Evidence Scholarship, in 109 Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limitations of Bayesianism 61 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988) (referencing specifically the debates about probabilities and proof). Since then, it has been expanded to ...

261

51 Stan. L. Rev. 1477 Stanford Law Review July, 1999 Articles AN ECONOMIC APPROACH TO THE LAW OF EVIDENCE Richard A. Posner [FNa1]

... the law of evidence, see Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988). For helpful discussions of the cognitive quirks that impede rational decisionmaking, see Richard Nisbett & ...

... in Criminal Proof, in Probability and Infer-ence in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism 113 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988). [FN77]. See Edward P. Schwartz & Warren F. Schwartz, The Challenge of Peremptory Challenges, 12 ...

262

40 S. Tex. L. Rev. 401 South Texas Law Review Summer 1999 Symposium MARSHALING THOUGHTS AND EVIDENCE DURING FACT INVESTIGATION [FNa1] David A. Schum [FNaa1]

... are part of this symposium: Professors Terry Anderson and William Twining. I also began an active association with Professor Peter Tillers (Cardozo School of Law). The four of us share a very strong interest in Wigmore's work on proof-related matters. In 1987, ...

... very strong interest in Wigmore's work on proof-related matters. In 1987, thanks to the support of the National Science Foundation, Tillers and I began a series of studies involving discovery-related issues in fact investigation. In the process of fact investigation many ...

... Twining has explained, Wigmore's methods never found favor in the legal audience for which they were intended. [FN7] But, as Tillers and I have noted, [FN8] Wigmore was years ahead of his time; his work anticipated by nearly seventy years the ...

263.

59 La. L. Rev. 1169 Louisiana Law Review Summer, 1999 Article MIXED SIGNALS: A LOOK AT LOUISIANA'S EXPERIENCE WITH HARMLESS ERROR IN CRIMINAL CASES Addison K. Goff, IV [FNa1]

... 3d ed. 1984) [hereinafter McCormick]. [FN6]. 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 21, at 884 (Tillers rev. 1983). This rule existed for both civil and criminal cases. [FN7]. Crease v. Barrett, 1 C.M. & R. 919 ...

264

5 Psychol. Pub. Pol'y & L. 372 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law June, 1999 How Accurate Is Hearsay Testimony? FROM CHILD TO WITNESS TO JURY EFFECTS OF SUGGESTION ON THE TRANSMISSION AND EVALUATION OF HEARSAY Maithilee K. Pathak William C. Thompson [FNa1]

... he or she perceived, and the hearsay witness may be lying or mistaken about what the declarant said (Schum, 1992; Tillers & Schum, 1992). Moreover, it may be difficult to expose biases or errors of the declarant, who is not present in ...

... convinced by a child's false statements. Additional research could provide a clearer picture of people's reactions to such evidence. As Tillers and Schum (1992) have pointed out, the inferential processes entailed in the evaluation of hearsay can be extremely complex. Questions ...

... International Conference on Forensic Statistics (pp. 49-54). Tempe: Arizona State University Center for the Study of Law, Science, and Technology. Tillers, P., & Schum, D. A. (1992). Hearsay logic. Minnesota Law Review, 76, 813-858. [FNa1]. Maithilee K. Pathak, PhD, Psychology Department, ...

265

5 Psychol. Pub. Pol'y & L. 456 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law June, 1999 How Do Jurors React to Hearsay Testimony? EMPIRICAL STUDY OF HEARSAY RULES: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW William C. Thompson Maithilee K. Pathak [FNa1]

... The evaluation of hearsay often requires psychological judgments. Indeed, the evaluation of hearsay is a dauntingly complex task (Schum, 1992; Tillers & Schum, 1992). Jurors must make attributions of causality regarding the statements of both the declarant and the hearsay witness. They ...

... sensitivity to important factors affecting the reliability of hearsay evidence, is suggested by the work of David Schum and Peter Tillers (Schum, 1992; Tillers & Schum, 1992). Schum and Tillers have used "cascaded inference" models to describe the judgments required to evaluate ...

... unable to integrate information at multiple steps. These possibilities could usefully be explored through research. Hearsay Heuristics and Ecological Validity Tillers and Schum (1992) argued that jurors face a task of daunting complexity when evaluating hearsay evidence. Hearsay problems are subtle. ...

266

4 Harv. Negotiation L. Rev. 1 Harvard Negotiation Law Review Spring 1999 Article PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN NEGOTIATING CIVIL SETTLEMENTS Richard Birke and Craig R. Fox [FNd1]

...[FN53]. 'Problems of proof' is an emerging area of legal inquiry. For more information, see, e.g., the work of Peter Tillers, Book Review, Intellectual History, Probability and the Law of Evidence, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 1465, 1466 n.15 (1993) ('proof of ...

... of David A. Schum, e.g., Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 907 (1988) (with Tillers). For a more complete list of scholars working in this area, see Christopher Finlayson, Proving your Case: Evidence and Procedure ...

...facts are uncertain and that proof of facts is always or almost always a matter of probabilities.' Peter Tillers, Intellectual History, Probability and the Law of Evidence, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 1465, 1466 (1993). We cite this piece to ...

267

35 Hous. L. Rev. 1729 Houston Law Review Spring, 1999 Symposium: Managed Care and the Physician-Patient Relationship FAIRNESS TO THE VICTIM: FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE 413 AND 414 ADMIT PROPENSITY EVIDENCE IN SEXUAL OFFENDER TRIALS [FNa1] Sherry L. Scott

... rules and case law"); see also 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials At Common Law § 62.2 n.6 (Peter Tillers ed., rev. ed. 1983) (declaring that allowing testimony of prior bad acts "is objectionable not because it has no appreciable ...

268

50 S.C. L. Rev. 799 South Carolina Law Review Spring, 1999 Trial Advocacy THE ROAD TO THE VIRTUAL COURTROOM? A CONSIDERATION OF TODAY'S--AND TOMORROW'S--HIGH-TECHNOLOGY COURTROOMS [FNa1] Fredric I. Lederer [FNaa1]

... accepted notwithstanding distrust of the system in some population groups. [FN106]. As to probability and the courts generally, see PETER TILLERS & ERIC D. GREEN, PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE (1988) (analyzing courts' acceptance of probability evidence). [FN107]. This ...

269

64 Mo. L. Rev. 317 Missouri Law Review Spring, 1999 THE CASE AGAINST PLEA BARGAINING CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CHARGES: "DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN" Article Peter T. Wendel [FNa1]

... it before or because he has not been punished previously for these acts. Id. (citing Wigmore on Evidence § 58.2 (Tillers rev. 1983)). [FN111]. See supra notes 63, 106-10 and accompanying text. [FN112]. See infra notes 115-50 and accompanying text. ...

270

108 Yale L.J. 879 Yale Law Journal January, 1999 Note THE "GOOD SOLDIER" DEFENSE: CHARACTER EVIDENCE AND MILITARY RANK AT COURTS-MARTIAL Elizabeth Lutes Hillman

... and child molestation); see also 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law §59, at 1252 n.7 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983) (listing cases in which an accused's service record was not admissible as character evidence). [FN69]. See, e.g., Allan ...

271

28 Sw. U. L. Rev. 297 Southwestern University Law Review 1999 Symposium on Evidence Law TEXT, CONTEXT, AND THE PROBLEM WITH RAPE Katharine K. Baker [FNa1]

... prior acts evidence, very prejudicial. See John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trial at Common Law § 58.2, at 1212 (Peter Tillers rev. ed., 1983) (explaining that prior acts evidence "is objectionable not because it has no appreciable probative value but because ...

272

30 Tex. Tech L. Rev. 1503 Texas Tech Law Review 1999 Comment FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE 413-415: "LAWS ARE LIKE MEDICINE; THEY GENERALLY CURE AN EVIL BY A LESSER . . . EVIL" [FN1] Jeffrey Waller

... and varied history of predicting behavior of people through a variety of methods). [FN71]. See 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 55 (Tillers rev. 1983) (stating that a defendant's character is relevant for indicating the probability of his committing the charged offense). [FN72]. ...

273

32 Ind. L. Rev. 1437 Indiana Law Review 1999 Note A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF SPECIFIC ACT EVIDENCE IN HOMICIDE CASES WHERE THE ACCUSED CLAIMS SELF-DEFENSE: STRIKING THE PROPER BALANCE BETWEEN COMPETING POLICY GOALS Mary Kay Kleiss [FNa1]

... S.E.2d 285, 288 (Ga. 1989). [FN75]. Id. [FN76]. 1A JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 63 (Tillers ed. 1983). [FN77]. H. Richard Urviller, Evidence of Character to Prove Conduct: Illusion, Illogic, and Injustice in the Courtroom, 130 ...

274

5 Legal Writing: J. Legal Writing Inst. 25 Legal Writing: The Journal of the Legal Writing Institute 1999 Article THE ART OF THE FACT Jethro K. Lieberman [FNa1]

... Rev. 253 (1991). Symposium, "Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence," 66 B. U. L. Rev. 381 (1986). Peter Tillers and David Schum, "Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore," 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 907 (1988). Arne Trankell, Reliability ...

275

30 McGeorge L. Rev. 637 McGeorge Law Review 1999 Evidence CHAPTER 127 PREVENTS EVIDENCE OF VICTIM'S MANNER OF DRESS IN RAPE CASES TO PROVE CONSENT Michael John James Kuzmich

...[FN20]. Id. § 1103(c)(3) (West Supp. 1999). [FN21]. See generally 1A WIGMORE, EVIDENCE § 62 n.11 (Tillers rev. 1983 & Supp. 1991 & Supp. 1998) (listing the Rape Shield statutes of the various states). [FN22]. For a ...

276

30 Ariz. St. L.J. 1151 Arizona State Law Journal Winter, 1998 Notes & Comments STATE V. TERRAZAS: THE BURDEN OF PROOF FOR THE ADMISSIBILITY OF PRIOR BAD ACTS UNDER RULE OF EVIDENCE 404(B) Rachel Love [FNa1]

... any other purpose, it does not offend the prohibition against the use of character evidence. 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 54.1 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN43]. Ariz. R. Evid. 404(b) provides that: [E]vidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to ...

277

39 Jurimetrics J. 79 Jurimetrics Journal Fall, 1998 Note SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE OF PATERNITY: A SURVEY OF STATE STATUTES Allan Z. Litovsky, Kirsten Schultz [FNa1]

... Grouping Testing Prove Paternity?, 54 N.Y.U. L. REV. 1131 (1979). [FN16]. WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE § 165a n.3, at 1782-90 (Peter Tillers rev. ed. 1983). [FN17]. S. Joel Kolko, Admissibility of HLA Test Results to Determine Paternity, 9 FAM. L. REP. (BNA) ...

278.

46 UCLA L. Rev. 1 UCLA Law Review October, 1998 Article SEGREGATION'S LAST STRONGHOLD: RACE DISCRIMINATION AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF IMMIGRATION Gabriel J. Chin [FNa1]

... to violate due process. See 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law, §7.1, at 502 & n.62 (Tillers rev. 1983) (listing cases discussing the due process right to present evidence). Moreover, the equal protection rights of witnesses would ...

279.

73 Ind. L.J. 1161 Indiana Law Journal Fall, 1998 IN DEFENSE OF THE CHARACTER EVIDENCE PROHIBITION: FOUNDATIONS OF THE RULE AGAINST TRIAL BY CHARACTER David P. Leonard [FNa1]

... Wigmore defined character "as the actual moral or psychical disposition." 1A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE § 52, at 1148 (Peter Tillers rev., 1983). Elsewhere, Wigmore defined character as "any and every quality or tendency of a person's mind, existing originally or ...

... a rule excluding such evidence when offered to show a character-based disposition to commit certain kinds of misconduct. [FN70]. Peter Tillers, the current reviser of this part of Wigmore's treatise, doubts that the courts have created defensible distinctions between the character ...

280.

48 J. Legal Educ. 365 Journal of Legal Education September, 1998 NO WILDERNESS OF SINGLE INSTANCES: INDUCTIVE INFERENCE IN LAW Dan Hunter [FNa1]

... School. Thanks to Michael Aikenhead, Yvonne Cripps, Martin Golding, Susan Marks, Stephen McJohn, Richard Posner, John Rooney, Anita Schnee, Peter Tillers, and Charlie Senger for commenting on this paper. Thanks also to the anonymous referees of the Journal of Legal Education, ...

... articles outlining some different applications of abduction and retroduction in law, see McJohn, supra note 68; David Schum & Peter Tillers, A Theory of Preliminary Fact Investigation, 24 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 931 (1991); David A. Schum, Probability and the Processes ...

281.

69 U. Colo. L. Rev. 759 University of Colorado Law Review Summer 1998 THE LAWYER'S LEFT HAND: NONANALYTICAL THOUGHT IN THE PRACTICE OF LAW Graham B. Strong [FNa1]

... David F. Chavkin, Fuzzy Thinking: A Borrowed Paradigm for Crisper Lawyering, 4 Clinical L. Rev. 163, 177, 181 (1997); Peter Tillers & David Schum[], A Theory of Preliminary Fact Investigation, 24 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 931, 959 (1991). [FN122]. See López, supra ...

...[FN136]. See Tillers & Schum[], supra note 121, at 1009 ("The workings of any network of marshalling systems [in the preliminary fact investigation process] ...

... Bergman, supra note 15, at 167; Schum, supra note 143, at 832. [FN147]. See Schum, supra note 143, at 833; Tillers & Schum[], supra note 121, at 960; see also Norwood R. Hanson, Patterns of Discovery 17 (1961) ( "There are indefinitely ...

282

96 Mich. L. Rev. 1486 Michigan Law Review May, 1998 1998 Survey of Books Relating to the Law AN OUTSIDER'S VIEW OF COMMON LAW EVIDENCE Evidence Law Adrift. By Mirjan R. Damaska. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1997. Pp. x, 158. $27.50. Roger C. Park [FNa1]

... prevented the rules promulgated by the Court in 1973 from going into effect. See 1 Wigmore on Evidence § 6.3 (Tillers Rev. 1983). It then proceeded to debate and change not only extrinsic evidence rules, but also some of the intrinsic ...

283

107 Yale L.J. 1921 Yale Law Journal April, 1998 Book Review ANCHORS AND FLOTSAM: IS EVIDENCE LAW "ADRIFT"? Evidence Law Adrift. By Mirjan R. Damaska. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Pp. x, 160. $27.50. Richard D. Friedman [FNd1]

... Value: Neoclassicism Without Myth, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 439 (1994) [hereinafter Friedman, Conditional Probative Value]. For subsequent discussion, see Peter Tillers, Exaggerated and Misleading Reports of the Death of Conditional Relevance, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 478 (1994); Dale A. Nance, Conditional ...

284

49 Hastings L.J. 1039 Hastings Law Journal April, 1998 Symposium Issue ABUSE EXCUSES AND THE LOGIC AND POLITICS OF EXPERT RELEVANCE Andrew E. Taslitz [FNa1]

...[FN33]. See Twining, supra note 15, at 241. [FN34]. See id. [FN35]. 1A Wigmore on Evidence § 37, at 986 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN36]. See Twining, supra note 15, at 239-47. Twining apparently views "holism" and "narrative" as distinct theories, but ...

285.

17 Rev. Litig. 181 Review of Litigation Spring 1998 FEDERAL RULE OF EVIDENCE 404(B): THE FICTITIOUS BAN ON CHARACTER REASONING FROM OTHER CRIME EVIDENCE Andrew J. Morris [FNa1]

... see note 58, infra. [FN5]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 58.2 at 1213 (P. Tillers rev. 1983). [FN6]. The advisory committee's note on the 1991 Amendment to the Rule states that "Rule 404(b) has emerged ...

286

3 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 448 Roger Williams University Law Review Spring 1998 1997 Survey of Rhode Island CRIMINAL LAW State v. Gomes, 690 A.2d 310 (R.I. 1997). Lisa M. Kolb

... McCormick on Evidence, § 190, at 799 (4th ed. 1992). [FN20]. 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence, § 62.2, at 1335 (Tillers Rev. 1983). Federal Rules of Evidence 413 through 415 now incorporate this exception by allowing, in cases of sexual assault ...

287

81 Marq. L. Rev. 655 Marquette Law Review Spring 1998 Article REASONABLE CERTAINTY AND REASONABLE DOUBT Henry L. Chambers, Jr. [FNa1]

... moral certainty or practical certainty or both see Barbara J. Shapiro, Beyond Reasonable Doubt And Probable Cause 1-41 (1991); Peter Tillers, Intellectual History, Probability, and the Law of Evidence, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 1465 (reviewing Beyond Reasonable Doubt and Probable Cause); ...

288

49 Hastings L.J. 663 Hastings Law Journal March, 1998 Symposium Issue NO BAD MEN!: A FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF CHARACTER EVIDENCE IN RAPE TRIALS Aviva Orenstein [FNa1]

...excessive weight to the vicious record of crime." 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence § 58.2 at 1212-13 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983). [FN24]. See David Leonard, The Federal Rules of Evidence and the Political Process, 22 Fordham Urb. L.J. 305, ...

...[FN99]. Id. at 26-27 (quoting John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 62.2 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983)). [FN100]. Roger Park, Perspectives on Proposed Federal Rules of Evidence 413-415: The Crime Bill of 1994 and ...

289

49 Hastings L.J. 781 Hastings Law Journal March, 1998 Symposium Issue WHAT IS WRONG WITH CHARACTER EVIDENCE? Peter Tillers [FNa1]

... Reform and the Goals of Evidence Law Panel 6 - Character Evidence Revisited WHAT IS WRONG WITH CHARACTER EVIDENCE? Peter Tillers [FNa1] Copyright © 1998 Hastings College of the Law; Peter Tillers Introduction: Rethinking the Riddle of the Character Evidence Rule ...

... This essay is dedicated to Jesse Glendon Tillers and Lily Glendon Tillers. My thanks go to Judge Jack Weinstein, Alex Stein, Craig Callen, Mary Ann Glendon, Miguel Mendez, ...

... difficult to imagine evidence that is truly irrelevant. See 1 Wigmore on Evidence § 9 n. 1, at 657-58 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) ("This expansive understanding of what it is that makes evidence 'relevant' makes it quite difficult to assert with ...

290

49 Hastings L.J. 835 Hastings Law Journal March, 1998 Symposium Issue THE PERILOUS TASK OF RETHINKING THE CHARACTER EVIDENCE BAN David P. Leonard [FNa1]

... the character ban is more urgently needed than ever. In commenting on the fine papers written by Professors Park and Tillers, I will confine myself primarily to a few issues common to both. I will also advance my own reasons for ...

... rooted in an acceptable definition of "character." Unfortunately, neither psychologists nor legal commentators have yet provided one, and Park and Tillers only further highlight the definitional controversy. Park, for example, employs McCormick's definition of character as "'a generalized description of one's ...

... My own sense is that people should be neither praised nor blamed for characteristics over which they have no control. Tillers rejects the traditional definition of character as "nonsense," [FN8] and radically reformulates the concept as a sort of "internal operating ...

291.

49 Hastings L.J. 871 Hastings Law Journal March, 1998 Symposium Issue CHARACTER EVIDENCE RECONSIDERED: "PEOPLE DO NOT SEEM TO BE PREDICTABLE CHARACTERS." [FNa1] Miguel A. Méndez

... Hastings College of the Law; Miguel A. Méndez Introduction In commenting on the papers by Professors Roger Park and Peter Tillers, I have made several assumptions. One is that we are examining the wisdom of increasing the use of character evidence ...

... trials. Although recent amendments to the Federal Rules of Evidence now allow propensity evidence in some civil cases, [FN1] Park, Tillers, and I have proceeded on the assumption that its increased use in criminal trials is of greater concern. Another assumption ...

... assessment of trial lawyers that character evidence, in the form of reputation or opinion, is not particularly useful. Park and Tillers find many of the conventional reasons for excluding character evidence unconvincing. Though I agree with much of what they say, ...

292

49 Hastings L.J. 477 Hastings Law Journal March, 1998 Symposium Issue HEARSAY HAZARDS IN THE AMERICAN CRIMINAL TRIAL: AN ADVERSARY-ORIENTED APPROACH Gordon Van Kessel [FNa1]

... See 1 John H. Wigmore, A Treatise on the Anglo-American system of Evidence in Trial at Common Law ? 8 (Tillers rev. 1983); Wolchover, supra note 166, at 784. [FN168]. Frankel, The Search for Truth: An Umpireal View, 123 U. Pa. ...

293.

49 Hastings L.J. 717 Hastings Law Journal March, 1998 Symposium Issue CHARACTER AT THE CROSSROADS Roger C. Park [FNa1]

... Miguel Méndez for helpful comments, and Lynn Dean and Jim Day for able research assistance. I am indebted to Peter Tillers, whose ideas have influenced and inspired my work. [FN1]. Charles T. McCormick, Handbook of the Law of Evidence 340-41 (1st ...

...[FN5]. See Fed. R. Evid. 404(a)(1); 1A Wigmore on Evidence § 58.2 (Tillers Rev. 1983) (defense character evidence); Fed. R. Evid. 609 (impeachment of character of witnesses with prior conviction). [FN6]. See Fed. ...

...[FN93]. 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 216 at 1870 (Tillers Rev. 1983). See also 6 John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 1849 at 503 (Chadbourn Rev. ...

294.

49 Hastings L.J. 861 Hastings Law Journal March, 1998 Symposium Issue A WIGMORIAN DEFENSE OF FEMINIST METHOD Katharine K. Baker [FNa1]

... L. Rev. 971, 1023 (1991). [FN7]. John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 58.2 at 1212 (Peter Tillers, rev. 1983). See also McCormick on Evidence § 190 at 345- 47 (John William Strong ed., 4th ed. 1992); Richard ...

295.

76 N.C. L. Rev. 1053 North Carolina Law Review March, 1998 Note AN EXERCISE IN SOUND DISCRETION: OLD CHIEF v. UNITED STATES Kathryn Cameron Walton

... note 10, at 226; see also 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law §10a, at 684 (Peter Tillers rev. ed., 1983) (citing also the prevention of jury error as an aim of Rule 403). [FN119]. See Fed. R. ...

296.

73 Notre Dame L. Rev. 575 Notre Dame Law Review March, 1998 Symposium LOGIC AND ELEMENTS Richard D. Friedman [FNa1]

... Facts (1991); Joseph B. Kadane & David A. Schum, A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence (1996); Peter Tillers & David A. Schum, Charting New Territory in Judicial Proof: Beyond Wigmore, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 907 (1988). But the aim ...

297.

49 Hastings L.J. 363 Hastings Law Journal January, 1998 Symposium Issue EVIDENCE LAW IN THE NEXT MILLENNIUM Laird C. Kirkpatrick [FNa1]

... ADR Movement, 25 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 837, 837 (1992). [FN3]. 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence § 8c, at 630 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("A complete abolition of the rules in the future is at least arguable, not merely in theory but ...

298

31 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 309 U.C. Davis Law Review Winter 1998 THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF THE SECOND AMENDMENT Carl T. Bogus [FNa1]

... more so. See John Henry Wigmore, 1A Evidence in Trials at Common Law S 26, at 961 (rev. by Petter Tillers 1983); see also Graham C. Lilly, An Introduction to the Law of Evidence 49 (3d ed. 1996). [FN304]. Hutson, supra ...

299.

43 Vill. L. Rev. 529 Villanova Law Review 1998 Article DECONSTRUCTING HEARSAY'S STRUCTURE: TOWARD A WITNESS RECOLLECTION DEFINITION OF HEARSAY Marilyn J. Ireland [FNa1]

... one cannot help but surmise that the Committee did not fully understand the results of its handiwork"). [FN29]. See Peter Tillers & David Schum, Hearsay Logic, 76 Minn. L. Rev. 813, 813 (1992) (defining Wigmore as "paterfamilias of modern American evidence scholarship"). ...

... environment and patient expectations during the retrieval process have been shown to play a large role in false memory creation."); Tillers & Schum, supra note 29, at 817 ("The view that human beings make decisions about what to say and believe and ...

300.

1998 Utah L. Rev. 145 Utah Law Review 1998 EVIDENCE OF REPEATED ACTS OF RAPE AND CHILD MOLESTATION: REFORMING UTAH LAW TO PERMIT THE PROPENSITY INFERENCE Paul G. Cassell [FNa1] Evan S. Strassberg [FNaa1]

...[FN9]. Id. at 490 (citing, inter alia, 1A John Henry Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence § 58.2, at 1215 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (hereinafter 1A Wigmore)). [FN10]. Utah R. Evid. 404(b), quoted in Doporto, 935 P.2d at 491. ...

... have been given somewhat schizophrenic views on the use of other crimes evidence in sexual offense cases in the 1983 Tillers revision, written well after Wigmore's death. Compare 1A Wigmore, supra note 9, § 62.2, at 1334 (raising questions about propensity ...

301.

1998 Utah L. Rev. 505 Utah Law Review 1998 Article LONE STAR LIBERAL MUSINGS ON "EYE FOR EYE" AND THE DEATH PENALTY Irene Merker Rosenberg [FNaa1] Yale L. Rosenberg [FNaaa1]

...because of "perceived unreliability" of uncorroborated accomplice testimony). [FN82]. See, e.g., 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence § 26 (P. Tillers ed., 1983) (stating that generally there is no difference between direct and circumstantial evidence). [FN83]. See, e.g., Rosenberg & Rosenberg, ...

302.

57 Md. L. Rev. 380 Maryland Law Review 1998 Article THE GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF LEGAL UNCERTAINTY ABOUT "REASONABLE MEDICAL CERTAINTY" Jeff L. Lewin [FNa1]

... 941-42 (1990) ( "Often neither briefs nor practice manuals--no matter how learned or useful-- are considered 'scholarship."'). [FN527]. See Peter Tillers, Intellectual History, Probability, and the Law of Evidence, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 1465, 1490 (1993) ("If any evidence scholar from ...

303

46 U. Kan. L. Rev. 63 University of Kansas Law Review November, 1997 THE MARITAL DISCORD EXEMPTION TO HEARSAY: FACT OR JUDICIALLY LEGISLATED FICTION? Christine Arguello [FNa1]

... throughout this Article. [FN18]. See 1A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 58.2, at 1212 (Peter Tillers rev., 1983). [FN19]. See id. at 1212 n.2. [FN20]. Id. at 1212. [FN21]. Gender specific terms are used to promote ...

304

33 Tulsa L.J. 349 Tulsa Law Journal Fall, 1997 LET'S SAY GOOD-BYE TO RES GESTAE Chris Blair [FNd1]

...[FN32]. See supra note 9. [FN33]. WIGMORE, supra note 3, § 1767. [FN34]. JOHN WIGMORE, 1A WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE §218 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). [FN35]. See Fed. R. Evid. 404(B) and Okla. Stat. tit 12, § 2404(B) (1991). ...

305

30 Suffolk U. L. Rev. 795 Suffolk University Law Review Fall, 1997 Note TURNING LAWYERS INTO WITNESSES: DOES FORCED CLIENT DISCLOSURE BREACH THE ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE? Kathleen N. Allen

... binding obligations on attorneys). [FN35]. I JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 6.1, at 378-86 (Peter Tillers rev. ed. 1983). Wigmore disagreed with the confusion and the lack of consistency that existed among the American courts' application ...

306.

49 Fla. L. Rev. 505 Florida Law Review September, 1997 "WHOEVER FIGHTS MONSTERS SHOULD SEE TO IT THAT IN THE PROCES SHE DOES NOT BECOME A MONSTER" [FNa1]: HUNTING THE SEXUAL PREDATOR WITH SILVER BULLETS-FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE 413-415-AND A STAKE THROUGH THE HEART-KANSAS v. HENDRICKS Joelle Anne Moreno [FNaa1]

... excessive weight to the vicious record of crime. John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law 62.2, at 1212-13 (Tillers, rev. ed. 1993). [FN25]. Rules 413-415 specifically contemplate the admission of allegations and evidence of prior sex offenses dating back ...

... 1A Wigmore on Evidence 62.2, at 1345 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983). [FN70]. Rules 413-415 may represent the beginning of a broader effort to eliminate the ban on propensity evidence ...

307.

5 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 689 William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal Summer 1997 Note PRIOR BAD ACTS AND TWO BAD RULES: THE FUNDAMENTAL UNFAIRNESS OF FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE 413 AND 414 Jason L. Mccandless

... Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 1297, 1305 (1970). Since the Restoration, see Wigmore, supra note 28, S 58.2 at 1213 (Peter Tillers rev., 1983), and the English Treason Act of 1695, see Reed, supra note 30, at 717 (1981), Anglo-American law has ...

... produce conviction for a single one. Id. at 90; see 1A Wigmore, supra note 28, S 58.2, at 1215 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (noting "the overstrong tendency to believe the accused guilty of the charge merely because he is a likely ...

308.

18 Cardozo L. Rev. 1875 Cardozo Law Review July, 1997 INTRODUCTION: THREE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THREE IMPORTANT PROBLEMS IN EVIDENCE SCHOLARSHIP Peter Tillers [FNa1]

...July, 1997 INTRODUCTION: THREE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THREE IMPORTANT PROBLEMS IN EVIDENCE SCHOLARSHIP Peter Tillers [FNa1] Copyright © 1997 Yeshiva University; Peter Tillers I This issue of the Cardozo Law Review is graced with original ...

... forward in our affidavits and reports. I might also note that the Second Circuit--to my great chagrin--cited one of the Schum-Tillers reports in support of its thesis that "specific evidence" was necessary. Shonubi IV, 103 F.3d at 1091. I won't argue ...

... evidence" was necessary. Shonubi IV, 103 F.3d at 1091. I won't argue here that the Second Circuit's interpretation of the Schum-Tillers reports was unreasonable or unjustified, but I do wish to say-- for the historical record--that I certainly do not mean ...

309

87 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 1194 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Summer 1997 Criminal Law RAPE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM David P. Bryden [FNa1] Sonja Lengnick [FNaa1]

... See, e.g., Galvin, supra note 4, at 791-801; Murphy, supra note 602, at 552-53. [FN838]. 1A Wigmore, Evidence § 32 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN839]. 2 Jones, Evidence § 11.8 (Clifford S. Fishman ed., 7th ed. 1992). [FN840]. Id. ...

310

12 Lab. Law. 371 Labor Lawyer Winter/Spring, 1997 TITLE VII'S NATIONAL ANTHEM: IS THERE A PRIMA FACIE CASE FOR THE PRIMA FACIE CASE? Stephen W. Smith [FNa1]

... Evidence: An Analysis, 19 VAND.L.REV. 1, 2-4 (1965); 1A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW, § 25 (Tillers rev. 1983). Wigmore has expressly challenged the direct evidence definition used by the Eleventh Circuit: "[C] onsiderable naivete may attend ...

311

34 Hous. L. Rev. 55 Houston Law Review Spring 1997 Commentary IRRELEVANCE, MINIMAL RELEVANCE, AND META-RELEVANCE Richard D. Friedman [FNa]

... Mich. L. Rev. 457 (1995) (comparing Nance's analysis to my own, and discussing his comments on my proposed amendments); Peter Tillers, Exaggerated and Misleading Reports of the Death of Conditional Relevance, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 478 (1994). [FN12]. P(H--O) = P(E--O) ...

312

34 Hous. L. Rev. 1 Houston Law Review Spring 1997 ON THE USES OF IRRELEVANT EVIDENCE David Crump [FNa]

... 248 & n.8 (citing 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials and at Common Law s 28, at 969 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983). [FN40]. Refer to subpart I(B) infra (discussing the broad scope of relevant evidence). [FN41]. Most of the postulated ...

313

34 Hous. L. Rev. 89 Houston Law Review Spring 1997 Commentary MINIMAL PROBATIVE VALUE AND THE FAILURE OF GOOD SENSE David P. Leonard [FNa]

... found in Wigmore's version, see 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 28, at 968-69 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983); see also John Henry Wigmore, Wigmore's Code of the Rules of Evidence in Trials at Law s 1916, ...

314.

5 Cardozo J. Int'l & Comp. L. 165 Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law Spring 1997 THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FORMAL MODELS OF EVIDENTIARY INFERENCE TO CULTURAL SENSITIVITY Ron A. Shapira [FNa]

... the influence of cultural factors. FN[FN15]. Cf. Bernard Robertson, Antipodean Contribution, Internet message sent to evidence@chicagokent.kentlaw.edu (Oct. 4, 1995)("To Peter Tillers: obviously, individuals have different prior beliefs about any hypothesis. The fact that these differences may spring from differences in cultural ...

393.

9 St. Thomas L. Rev. 569 Saint Thomas Law Review Spring 1997 Criminal Law Symposium IS THE WITNESS BELIEVABLE? A NEW LOOK AT TRUTH AND VERACITY CHARACTER EVIDENCE AND BAD ACTS RELEVANT TO TRUTHFULNESS IN A CRIMINAL CASE Fred Warren Bennett [FNa]

... of the defendant's guilt). [FN3]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law S 55, at 1159 (Peter Tillers rev., 1983). [FN4]. Edgington, 164 U.S. at 364. [FN5]. Michelson v. United States, 335 U.S. 469, 476 (1948) (holding that ...

394.

30 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 1199 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review April, 1997 UNTANGLING COMPETING CONCEPTIONS OF "EVIDENCE" Scott W. Howe [FNa]

... physically impossible. Id. at 10. [FN66]. See 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law 3 n.2 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983) (editorial note indicating that Wigmore's theoretical approach was drawn from English empiricism). [FN67]. Who were the early giants ...

...recent edition, however, Professor Tillers contends that Wigmore failed to acknowledge the importance of how we define evidence. See id. at 7 n.4. ...

... data encompassed by the four-sources conception. See Wigmore, supra note 66, at 6-7 & n.3 (editorial comments of Professor Peter Tillers). [FN156]. Consider the psychological impact on a jury of the order in which witnesses testify or the demeanor and appearance ...

315.

110 Harv. L. Rev. 563 Harvard Law Review January, 1997 ONCE A RAPIST? MOTIVATIONAL EVIDENCE AND RELEVANCY IN RAPE LAW Katharine K. Baker [FNa]

... prior act is convincing). [FN17]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 58.2, at 1212 (Peter Tillers rev., 1983). [FN18]. Recent criminology work casts some doubt on the propriety of excluding character evidence under Rule 404. Gottfredson ...

316.

85 Cal. L. Rev. 159 California Law Review January, 1997 "MY GOD!": A FEMINIST CRITIQUE OF THE EXCITED UTTERANCE EXCEPTION TO THE HEARSAY RULE [FNd] Aviva Orenstein [FNr]

... See Richard Lempert, The New Evidence Scholarship: Analyzing the Process of Proof, 66 B.U. L. Rev. 439, 441 (1986); Peter Tillers, Intellectual History, Probability, and the Law of Evidence, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 1465, 1465-66 (1993) (reviewing Shapiro, supra note 1). ...

... that Wigmore looked to "academic sources which were never intended to support the propositions he put forward"). FN[FN149]. See Peter Tillers, Webs of Things in the Mind: A New Science of Evidence, 87 Mich. L. Rev. 1225, 1226 (1989) (discussing Wigmore's ...

317.

8 Am. Rev. Int'l Arb. 225 American Review of International Arbitration 1997 Article CONTRACTING OUT OF THE ARBITRATION ACT Alan Scott Rau [FNa1]

... not in accordance with the applicabe law). But cf. 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law 559-605 (Tillers rev. 1983)("on general principles," and apart from the possible presence of fraud or duress, "there is nothing inherently impolitic" about ...

318

18 Berkeley J. Emp. & Lab. L. 183 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 1997 THE DEMISE OF CIRCUMSTANTIAL PROOF IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LITIGATION: ST. MARY'S HONOR CENTER v. HICKS, PRETEXT, AND THE "PERSONALITY" EXCUSE Mark S. Brodin [FNa]

... without reliance upon inference or presumption, does not really apply here. See generally IA Wigmore on Evidence § 24 (1983 Tillers rev.). FN[FN19]. Quoted in William Twining & Terence Anderson, Analysis of Evidence 173 (1991). FN[FN20]. Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins, ...

...FN[FN103]. See generally 1A Wigmore on Evidence § 26 (1983 Tillers rev.) ("So far as logic and psychology assist us, their conclusions show that it is out of the question to ...

319

41 St. Louis U. L.J. 277 Saint Louis University Law Journal Winter, 1996 Note THE NEW FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE 413-415: THE PREJUDICE OF POLITICS OR JUST PLAIN COMMON SENSE? Mary Katherine Danna

... to 171 and accompanying text. [FN12]. 1 JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 58.2, at 1213 (Tillers rev. 1983). See also Office of Legal Policy, U.S. Dep't of Justice, The Admission of Criminal Histories at Trial, 22 ...

320

82 Cornell L. Rev. 43 Cornell Law Review November, 1996 THE RELEVANCE RATIO: EVALUATING THE PROBATIVE VALUE OF EXPERT TESTIMONY IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASES Thomas D. Lyon [FNd] Jonathan J. Koehler [FNdd]

...See David H. Kaye, Introduction: What is Bayesianism?, in Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence 1, 9 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988). [FN23]. See, e.g., Jonathan J. Koehler, Probabilities in the Courtroom: An Evaluation of the Objections ...

321

46 DePaul L. Rev. 183 DePaul Law Review Fall 1996 Comment VICTIM OR VILLAIN?: A CASE FOR NARROWING THE SCOPE OF ADMISSIBILITY OF A VICTIM'S PRIOR BAD ACTS IN ILLINOIS Erica Hinkle Macdonald

... which party was the initial aggressor) (emphasis added). See generally John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trial at Common Law 1395 (Tillers rev. 1983) (stating that 'the most frequent use of character evidence against a victim is when a violent crime is ...

322

67 U. Colo. L. Rev. 747 University of Colorado Law Review Fall 1996 Proving the Case CHARACTER EVIDENCE ISSUES IN THE O.J. SIMPSON CASE--OR, RATIONALES OF THE CHARACTER EVIDENCE BAN, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE SIMPSON CASE Roger C. Park [FNa]

... jury that it must find a judicially noticed fact to be true. [FN92]. 1A Wigmore, Evidence s 216, at 1870 (Tillers rev. 1983). See also 6 Wigmore, Evidence s 1849 (Chadbourn rev. 1976): To the general rule allowing the use of ...

323

67 U. Colo. L. Rev. 777 University of Colorado Law Review Fall 1996 Proving the Case SIMPSON, FUHRMAN, GRICE, AND CHARACTER EVIDENCE Craig R. Callen [FNa]

...[FN7]. Fed. R. Evid. 413-15. [FN8]. E.g., 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law ss 4-4m, 8c (Tillers rev. 1983); 1A Wigmore, Evidence s 28 (Tillers rev. 1983). For a discussion of this analysis in other contexts, see ...

... Rev. 757, 764 n.34 (1992). [FN32]. 1A John A. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 62.1, at 1327 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN33]. See supra note 18. [FN34]. Park, supra note 1, at 774. [FN35]. Id. [FN36]. See Armanda Cooley ...

324

30 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 95 U.C. Davis Law Review Fall 1996 MAKING JURY TRIALS MORE TRUTHFUL [FNa] Franklin Strier [FNaa]

... at trials but as game rules for setting aside the verdict." 1 Wigmore, supra note 51, S 8c, at 631 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN55]. Weinstein, supra note 49, at 237. [FN56]. Will technological advances improve trial truth-seeking? Even with the advent ...

325

28 Loy. U. Chi. L.J. 1 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal Fall 1996 "ARE YOU GOING TO ARRAIGN HIS WHOLE LIFE?": [FNa] HOW SEXUAL PROPENSITY EVIDENCE VIOLATES THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE Louis M. Natali, Jr. [FNaa] R. Stephen Stigall [FNaaa]

... judge's tendency to accord excessive weight to propensity evidence); 1A John Henry Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence, s 58.2, at 1212 (Tillers rev. 1983) (discussing overvaluation of propensity evidence by jury); Imwinkelried, Some Comments, supra note 28, at 43 (noting that juries ...

326

1 N.Y. City L. Rev. 525 New York City Law Review Fall, 1996 Book Review A REVIEW OF HAIG'S COMMERCIAL LITIGATION IN NEW YORK STATE COURTS Walter M. Schackman [FNa1]

... D. SIEGEL, NEW YORK PRACTICE (2d ed. 1991). [FN96]. 1 JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW (Peter Tillers rev. vol. 1983 & Supp. 1996); 1A id. (1983 & Supp. 1996); 2 id. (James H. Chadbourn rev. vol. 1979 ...

327

100 Dick. L. Rev. 795 Dickinson Law Review Summer 1996 DOES DIVERSITY IN LEGAL SCHOLARSHIP MAKE A DIFFERENCE?: A LOOK AT THE LAW OF RAPE Beverly J. Ross [FNa]

... of the committee. Feild & Bienen, supra note 26, at 200 n.108. But see 1A Wigmore on Evidence s 62 (Tillers rev. 1983) (Wigmore urged "the admissability of character for unchastity [as] a necessary safeguard against the possibility of ... prosecutions ...

... instigated by women having a psychological disposition to 'imaginary and false charges."'). [FN40]. 1A Wigmore on Evidence, s 62 n.21 (Tillers rev. 1983). The first edition of Wigmore's treatise was published in 1904. The third edition, the last prepared by Wigmore ...

... which the prosecution had to prove to the satisfaction of the jury. See 1A Wigmore on Evidence s 62 n.10 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN76]. E.g., State v. Cottengim, 12 S.W.2d 53, 57 (Mo. 1934); Model Penal Code s 213.1 cmt. 4 ...

328

67 U. Colo. L. Rev. 623 University of Colorado Law Review Summer 1996 Comment IN JURIES WE DO NOT TRUST: APPELLATE REVIEW OF PATENT-INFRINGEMENT LITIGATION Gregory D. Leibold

...[FN250]. Id. at 1343 (Newman,J., dissenting); see also 1 John H. Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence s 1(b), at 7 (Peter Tillers ed., rev. 1983). [FN251]. Malta, 952 F.2d at 1343 (Newman,J., dissenting) (citing DMIv. Deere& Co., 802 F.2d 421, 425 (Fed. ...

329

63 Tenn. L. Rev. 917 Tennessee Law Review Summer, 1996 "BUT PERRY MASON MADE IT LOOK SO EASY!": THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE OFFERED BY A CRIMINAL DEFENDANT TO SUGGEST THAT SOMEONE ELES IS GUILTY David McCord [FNa1]

... argued for a lenient approach to the admission of aaltperp evidence. 1 JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE §§ 140- 142 (Peter Tillers rev. 1988). This leniency has continued through the Tillers revision. A California Supreme Court justice summarized Wigmore's thoughts on the ...

... 401. [FN256]. MUELLER & KIRKPATRICK, supra note 52, at 182. [FN257]. 1A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE § 28, at 969 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN258]. MUELLER & KIRKPATRICK, supra note 52, at 182 (citing the "any tendency" approach as the predominant one). ...

330

70 Tul. L. Rev. 1709 Tulane Law Review May, 1996 Recent Development STATE V. JOHNSON: THE LOUISIANA SUPREME COURT EXTENDS HARMLESS ERROR REVIEW TO THE IMPROPER ADMISSION OF OTHER-CRIMES EVIDENCE Creighton J. Miller, Jr.

... Rep. 1353 (Ex. 1835). See 1 JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 21, at 889-90 (Peter Tillers rev. ed., 1983) (blaming Crease for the development of the rule of automatic reversal); ROGER J. TRAYNOR, THE RIDDLE OF ...

331

69 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1463 Southern California Law Review May, 1996 People v. Simpson: Perspectives on the Implications for the Criminal Justice System THE ADMISSIBILITY OF PRIOR ACTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: [FNa] SIMPSON AND BEYOND Myrna S. Raeder [FNaa]

... Evidence 404(b), 43 Kan. L. Rev. 1005, 1006-07 (1995). [FN133]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence s 58.2, at 1212 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983). [FN134]. David P. Bryden & Roger C. Park, "Other Crimes" Evidence in Sex Offense Cases, 78 Minn. L. ...

332

94 Mich. L. Rev. 1810 Michigan Law Review May, 1996 VII. Evidence ASSESSING EVIDENCE Statistics and the Evaluation of Evidence For Forensic Scientists. By C.G.G. Aitken. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1995. pp. xiii, 260. $59.95. Interpreting Evidence: Evaluating Forensic Science in the Courtroom. By Bernard Robertson and G.A. Vignaux. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1995. Pp. xxi, 240. $55. Evidential Foundations of Probablistic Reasoning. By David A. Schum. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1994. Pp. xviii, 545. $74.95 Richard D. Friedman [FNa]

... 1973, J.D. 1976, Harvard; D.Phil. 1979, Oxford. -- Ed. I have found communications with Colin Aitken, David Balding, and Peter Tillers, and especially very extensive communications with David Kaye and Peter Donnelly, extremely helpful in preparing this review. They have saved ...

... What is Bayesianism?, in Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Limits and Uses of Bayesianism 1 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988), reprinted in D.H. Kaye, What is Bayesianism? A Guide for the Perplexed, 28 Jurimetrics J. ...

333

19 Harv. Women's L.J. 127 Harvard Women's Law Journal Spring, 1996 GENDER IN EVIDENCE: MASCULINE NORMS vs. FEMINIST REFORMS Rosemary C. Hunter [FNa1]

... law). [FN7] See FED.R.EVID. 102; see also 1 JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 8c (Peter Tillers, rev. ed. 1983); David P. Leonard, The Federal Rules of Evidence and the Political Process, 22 FORDHAM URB.L.J. 305, 341 ...

334

64 U. Cin. L. Rev. 1165 University of Cincinnati Law Review Spring 1996 Casenote THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT FINDS PRE-MOTIVE REQUIREMENT IN EVIDENCE RULE 801(D)(1)(B) Tome v. United States, 115 S. Ct. 696 (1995). Mark R. Schloneger [FNa]

... Glen Weissenberger , Weissenberger's Federal Rules of Evidence § 401.3 (1995). [FN185]. See 1A Wigmore , supra note 32, §29 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN186]. Weissenberger , supra note 184, §401.9 ("Relevancy deals primarily with admissibility or inadmissibility. . . . The ...

335

5 S. Cal. Rev. L. & Women's Stud. 501 Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies Spring 1996 AND JUSTICE FOR ALL: THE ADMISSIBILITY OF UNCHARGED SEXUAL MISCONDUCT EVIDENCE UNDER THE RECENT AMENDMENT TO THE FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE Karen M. Fingar [FNa]

... acts in cases involving sexual offenses."). [FN31]. See 1A John Henry Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence s 62.2 at 1336 (Peter Tillers ed., rev. ed. 1983) (stating, "jurisdictions ... expansively interpret [[[ ] in prosecutions for sex offenses various well-established exceptions to ...

...[FN179]. Professor Tillers states, "[T]here is a strong tendency in prosecutions for sex offenses to admit evidence of the accused's sexual proclivities. Do ...

336

5 S. Cal. Rev. L. & Women's Stud. 387 Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies Spring 1996 PATRIARCHAL STORIES I: CULTURAL RAPE NARRATIVES IN THE COURTROOM [FNa] Andrew E. Taslitz [FNaa]

... Israel L. Rev. 245 (1987); Alex Stein, A Political Analysis of Procedural Law, 5 Mod. L. Rev. 549 (1988); Peter Tillers, Prejudice, Politics and Proof, 86 Mich. L. Rev. 768 (1988); Mary Weinhern, Evidence Scholarship and Theories of Adjudication, in Essays ...

337

30 Ga. L. Rev. 563 Georgia Law Review Winter 1996 Symposium THE EMERGING UNIFORM STRUCTURE OF DISPARATE TREATMENT DISCRIMINATION LITIGATION Michael J. Zimmer [FNa]

... 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law S 26, at 957 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983). Professors Mueller and Kirkpatrick acknowledge that evidence "is commonly classified as either direct or circumstantial," but they conclude ...

338

29 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 355 U.C. Davis Law Review Winter 1996 USING THE DOCTRINE OF CHANCES TO PROVE ACTUS REUS IN CHILD ABUSE AND ACQUAINTANCE RAPE: PEOPLE V. EWOLDT RECONSIDERED Mark Cammack [FNa]

... the Continental system of evidence." 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law S 58.2, at 1213 (Peter Tillers revisor, 1983). The widespread belief that European systems contrast starkly with Common Law jurisdictions in their liberal use of character ...

339

12 Touro L. Rev. 457 Touro Law Review Winter, 1996 Article IV. Relevancy RULE 412: SEX OFFENSE CASES; RELEVANCE OF ALLEGED VICTIM'S PAST SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OR ALLEGED SEXUAL DISPOSITION

... that "[i]n the 1970's ... nearly all jurisdictions enacted 'rape shield' laws"); 1A Wigmore on Evidence § 62, at 1264-95 (Tillers rev. 1983) (stating that "[f]orty-seven jurisdictions have enacted rape victim shield laws, and two jurisdictions have adopted the equivalent of ...

340

30 Law & Soc'y Rev. 121 Law and Society Review 1996 Article DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF CORPORATE DEFENDANTS BY JURIES: AN EXAMINATION OF THE "DEEP-POCKETS" HYPOTHESIS Robert J. MacCoun [FNa1]

... character of mathematical theories, legal scholars have formalized some common law concepts in rational choice theoretic terms (e.g., Lempert 1977; Tillers 1991), using those as reference points for identifying systematic cognitive biases in legal judgments (MacCoun 1989, 1993b; Saks & Kidd ...

...Tillers, Peter, ed. (1991) "Decision and Inference in Litigation," 13 (2-3) Cardozo Law Rev. (entire issue). Tukey, John W. (1977) Exploratory ...

341

44 Clev. St. L. Rev. 169 Cleveland State Law Review 1996 1996 John M. Manos Writing Competition on Evidence BRANDING THE SEXUAL PREDATOR: CONSTITUTIONAL RAMIFICATIONS OF FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE 413 THROUGH 415 Margaret C. Livnah [FN1]

... supra notes 81-83 and accompanying text. [FN91]. JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW 62.2 at 1212- 13 (Tillers, rev. ed. 1983) (emphasis added). [FN92]. Duane, supra note 9, at 103. [FN93]. See D. Craig Lewis, Proof and Prejudice: ...

342

17 Berkeley J. Emp. & Lab. L. 332 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 1996 Note DO AS SHE DOES, NOT AS SHE SAYS: THE SHORTCOMINGS OF JUSTICE O'CONNOR'S DIRECT EVIDENCE REQUIREMENT IN PRICE WATERHOUSE v. HOPKINS Steven M. Tindall [FNd]

... a general assertion ascribing greater weight to one class or the other . . . ." [FN74] Wigmore's reviser Peter Tillers stated further: "Wigmore's view that circumstantial evidence may be as persuasive and as compelling as testimonial evidence, and sometimes more ...

343

41 S.D. L. Rev. 574 South Dakota Law Review 1996 Note MISUSE OF THE PSYCHOTHERAPIST-PATIENT PRIVILEGE IN WEISBECK v. HESS: A STEP BACKWARD IN THE PROHIBITION OF SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF A PATIENT BY A PSYCHOTHERAPIST Molly E. Slaughter

...[FN80]. Comment, supra note 77, at 1455. [FN81]. John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law 8, s 8 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). See also Comment, supra note 77, at 1455-56 n.9. The author expanded upon the English common law ...

344.

29 Creighton L. Rev. 119 Creighton Law Review December 1995 Annual Survey of Nebraska Law NEBRASKA'S EVIDENTIARY RULES ON RELEVANCY R. Collin Mangrum [FNd]

... 185, 188, 422 N.W.2d 53, 55 (1988) (citing 1 A.J. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 37.4 (P. Tillers rev. 1983); State v. Ryan, 226 Neb. 59, 409 N.W.2d 579 (1987)). FN[FN14]. 219 Neb. 782, 366 N.W.2d 429 (1985). ...

345.

94 Mich. L. Rev. 419 Michigan Law Review November, 1995 Correspondence CONDITIONAL PROBATIVE VALUE AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE Dale A. Nance [FNa]

... in the well known Huddleston case, the reasoning in which is defective under either reconstruction of that doctrine. [FN25] Peter Tillers, in a comment on Professor Friedman's piece, has articulated well the benefits derived from attention to the logic of proof ...

... rest one misconception about the role of the best evidence principle in the analysis of these problems. As Professor Peter Tillers points out in his comment on Friedman's article, one dimension on which responses to the problems generated by situations of ...

... 93 Mich. L. Rev. 439 (1994). [FN2]. See 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 14.1 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983); Ronald J. Allen, The Myth of Conditional Relevancy, 25 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 871 (1992); Vaughn C. ...

345

94 Mich. L. Rev. 457 Michigan Law Review November, 1995 Correspondence REPLY REFINING CONDITIONAL PROBATIVE VALUE Richard D. Friedman [FNa]

... Nance and I have approached the topic in very different ways. My article attempts to show that, as Professor Peter Tillers put it in a very generous response, reports of the death of the concept of conditional relevance have both been ...

... has not yet been said on conditional probative value or on the various other evidentiary doctrines that it informs. Professor Tillers worried that my approach would require a high degree of "finesse and subtlety." [FN31] My hope, though, is that no ...

... Professor of Law, University of Michigan. B.A. 1973, J.D. 1976, Harvard; D.Phil. 1979, Oxford. -- Ed. Many thanks to Peter Tillers and Dale Nance. [FN1]. See Dale A. Nance, Conditional Relevance Reinterpreted, 70 B.U. L. Rev. 447 (1990) [hereinafter Nance, Reinterpreted]. ...

346

36 Jurimetrics J. 1 Jurimetrics Journal Fall, 1995 UNDERSTANDING AND EVALUATING STATISTICAL EVIDENCE IN LITIGATION Stephen E. Fienberg [FNa1] Samuel H. Krislov [FNa1] Miron L. Straf [FNa1]

... REV. 771 (1986); D.H. Kaye, Introduction: What is Bayesianism? in PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE 1 (P. Tillers & E.D. Green eds., 1988); D. V. Lindley, Probability and Law, 26 THE STATISTICIAN 203 (1977). [FN37]. See Paul Meier, The ...

347

62 Def. Couns. J. 618 Defense Counsel Journal October, 1995 Department REVIEWING THE LAW REVIEWS Paul J. Marino

... Plaintiff's Arsenal. 23 HOFSTRA L. REV. 173 (1994). Hofstra Law Review, Hofstra University School of Law, Hempstead, N.Y. 11550. Peter Tillers, Response: Exaggerated and Misleading Reports of the Death of Conditional Relevance. 93 MICH. L. REV. 478 (1994). Michigan Law Review, ...

348

17 Chicano-Latino L. Rev. 24 Chicano-Latino Law Review Fall 1995 PROPOSITION 187 AND THE GHOST OF JAMES BRADLEY THAYER David A. Sklansky [FNd]

... U. L. Rev. 1, 7 (1993). [FN7]. See 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law vii (Peter Tillers rev. 1983). [FN8]. See William Twining, Theories of Evidence: Bentham and Wigmore 6 (1985); Hook, supra note 6, at 5. ...

349

19 Am. J. Trial Advoc. 343 American Journal of Trial Advocacy Fall 1995 Commentary "X-SPURT" WITNESSES Richard H. Underwood [FNd]

... in cases of murder and suicide). [FN280] . Jones, supra note 5, at 212. But see David Schum & Peter Tillers, Marshalling Evidence for Adversary Litigation, 13 Cardozo L. Rev. 657, 709 (1991) (making the point that scientific, or "Baconian," hypothesis ...

350

23 Am. J. Crim. L. 1 American Journal of Criminal Law Fall 1995 RETHINKING ADVERSARINESS IN NONJURY CRIMINAL TRIALS [FNd1] Sean Doran [FNa1] John D. Jackson [FNaa1] Michael L. Seigel [FNaaa1]

... Evidence at the Common Law 266, 509 (1898). [FN5]. Cf. 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence s 4d.1, at 228-29 (Peter Tillers rev., 1983) (explaining the expansion of relevancy principles and the moderation of the exclusionary force of nonconstitutional exclusionary rules in ...

351

43 UCLA L. Rev. 209 UCLA Law Review October, 1995 Comment CAUSATION AND "OBJECTIVE" ENTRAPMENT: TOWARD A CULPABILITY-CENTERED APPROACH John D. Lombardo [FNa1]

... "for the purpose of proving action in conformity therewith"); 1A John H. Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence § 57, at 1193-95 (Tillers rev. 1983 & Supp. 1991) (collecting the state statutes). This rule has been attributed to "[t]he deep tendency of human ...

352.

150 Mil. L. Rev. 271 Military Law Review Fall, 1995 MILITARY RULE OF EVIDENCE 404(b): TOOTHLESS GIANT OF THE EVIDENCE WORLD Major Bruce D. Landrum [FNa1]

... held uncharged acts inadmissible in cases other than treason. 1A JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE § 58.2, at 1213 nn.1-2 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (citing Hampden's Trial, 9 How. St. Tr. 1053, 1103 (K.B. 1684) and Harrison's Trial, 12 How. St. Tr. ...

353.

23 Hofstra L. Rev. 763 Hofstra Law Review Summer 1995 HELPING JURORS DETERMINE PAIN AND SUFFERING AWARDS Oscar G. Chase [FNa]

... Estreicher, Mark Geistfeld, James B. Jacobs, Lewis Kornhauser, David W. Leebron, Russel F. Moran, Burt Neuborne, Linda Silberman, and Peter Tillers. All the views expressed in this paper are my own, and I am responsible for any errors it contains. ...

354.

37 Ariz. L. Rev. 659 Arizona Law Review Summer, 1995 Note THE PROPRIETY OF PROPENSITY: THE EFFECTS AND OPERATION OF NEW FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE 413 AND 414 Anne Elsberry Kyl

... Ariz. 83, 664 P.2d 233 (1983). [FN14]. JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 58.2, at 1212 (Tillers rev. 1983). The policy behind not allowing evidence of prior, specific bad acts as elaborated by Professor Wigmore before the ...

355.

55 La. L. Rev. 1235 Louisiana Law Review July, 1995 Note STATE V. JONES AND THE 905.2(B) CLEMENCY INSTRUCTION: AN EVIDENTIARY PERSPECTIVE Sue Ann Kelly

... Evid. 402; La. Code Evid. art. 403. See also 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law (Peter Tillers ed. 1983) and 2 John W. Strong, McCormick on Evidence (Practitioner Treatise Series 1992) for a complete discussion on basic ...

356.

28 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 1259 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review June, 1995 The Federal Rules of Evidence in Retrospect: Observations from the 1995 AALS Evidence Section INTELLECTUAL COHERENCE IN AN EVIDENCE CODE Paul F. Rothstein [FNa]

... 429 U.S. 846 (1976). [FN34]. 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 28, at 969 (Peter Tillers revisor, 1983). Wigmore writes: The judge, in his efforts to prevent the jury from being satisfied by matters of slight ...

357.

93 Mich. L. Rev. 1915 Michigan Law Review June 1995 FREEDOM AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE AGE OF POUND: AN ESSAY ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE Thomas A. Green [FNa]

... this famously iconoclastic address, upon Wigmore. See 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 57 (Peter Tillers rev., 1983). Thirty years later, Wigmore described the shocked and angry reaction of many members of the American Bar Association ...

358.

80 Iowa L. Rev. 825 Iowa Law Review May, 1995 A THEORY OF VERBAL COMPLETENESS Dale A. Nance [FNa1]

... to present curative evidence. See generally 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § 15, at 731 (Tillers rev. 1983). In sharp contrast, completeness cases do not even address the issue of an objection to the admissibility of ...

359.

35 Jurimetrics J. 263 Jurimetrics Journal Spring, 1995 Reflection THE SUPREME COURT'S PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE: WILL THE REAL KARL POPPER PLEASE STAND UP? Sean O'Connor [FNa1]

... be disrespectful. [FN1]. See, e.g., PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE: THE USES AND LIMITS OF BAYESIANISM (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988). [FN2]. 113 S.Ct. 2786 (1993). [FN3]. Id. at 2797 (citing KARL POPPER, CONJECTURES AND REFUTATIONS: ...

360.

35 Jurimetrics J. 277 Jurimetrics Journal Spring, 1995 Reflection PROBABILITY AND PROOF IN STATE v. SKIPPER: AN INTERNET EXCHANGE Ronald J. Allen, David J. Balding, Peter Donnelly, Richard Friedman, David H. Kaye, Lewis Henry LaRue, Roger C. Park, Bernard Robertson and Alexander Stein [FNa1]

... other publications. See generally, e.g., PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE: THE LIMITS AND USES OF BAYESIANISM (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988); Symposium, Decision and Inference in Litigation, 13 CARDOZO L. REV. 253-1079 (1991). To avoid excessive ...

... See L. Jonathan Cohen, The Role of Evidential Weight in Criminal Proof, 66 B.U. L. REV. 635 (1986), reprinted in Tillers & Green, supra note 2, at 113. [FN21]. See, e.g., DETLOF VON WINTERFELDT & WARD EDWARDS, DECISION ANALYSIS AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH ...

... e.g., Richard Lempert, The New Evidence Scholarship: Analyzing the Process of Proof, 66 B.U. L. REV. 439 (1986), reprinted in Tillers & Green, supra note 2, at 61; Richard D. Friedman, Character Impeachment Evidence: Psycho-Bayesian [!?] Analysis and a Proposed Overhaul, 38 ...

361.

18 Am. J. Trial Advoc. 509 American Journal of Trial Advocacy Spring 1995 Trial Technique PREPARING THE CASE BEFORE WE INITIATE LITIGATION: WHAT WE NEED IS A PLAN Patrick J. Flynn [FNd]

... Article; he acknowledges the insights of other authors throughout the Article. Any deficiencies are, of course, his own. [FN1]. Peter Tillers & David Schum, A Theory of Preliminary Fact Investigation, 24 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 931, 943 (1991) ("In studying preliminary fact ...

... [FN12]. David A. Binder et al., Lawyers as Counselors: A Client-Centered Approach 171-85 (1991). [FN13]. The marshalling outlines suggested by Tillers and Schum allow a lawyer to start with any of the outlines. Furthermore, they view the outlines as an interrelated ...

... is important about the process is having a system for conducting the inquiry and recording the information developed from it. Tillers & Schum, supra note 1, at 944-46. [FN14]. A discussion of values--the lawyer's, the client's, the factfinder's--would really be the place ...

362.

43 Buff. L. Rev. 85 Buffalo Law Review Spring, 1995 FUZZIFYING THE NATURAL LAW--LEGAL POSITIVIST DEBATE Edward S. Adams [FNp1] Torben Spaak [FNp2]

... Evidence and Inference: Probability and the Process of Discovery, Proof and Choice, 66 B.U. L. REV. 825, 867 (1986); Peter Tillers, Diverse Models of Evidence and Inference: Mapping Inferential Domains, 66 B.U. L. REV. 883, 929 (1986). [FN51]. A similar model ...

363.

63 U. Cin. L. Rev. 1223 University of Cincinnati Law Review Spring 1995 Book Review REVIEW ESSAY: WHAT ARE THE PROSPECTS FOR SOCIAL CHANGE? Failed Revolutions: Social Reform and the Limits of Legal Imagination. By Richard Delgado & Jean Stefancic. [FNa] Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1994. Pp. 207. $22.95. Reviewed by R. George Wright [FNaa]

... (discussing Fish, supra ); Richard A. Posner, The Jurisprudence of Skepticism , 86 Mich. L. Rev. 827, 853-54 (1988); Peter Tillers, Mapping Inferential Domains , 66 B.U. L. Rev. 883, 936 (1986); David E. Van Zandt, An Alternative Theory of Practical ...

364.

24 Colo. Law. 327 Colorado Lawyer February, 1995 December Advance Sheets OPINIONS

... action, seven-year-old hospital records concerning plaintiff's alcoholism were inadmissible as too remote); see also 1A J. Wigmore, Evidence § 37.1 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). In our view, the fact that plaintiff requested damages for mental anguish and emotional distress allegedly inflicted ...

365.

22 Fordham Urb. L.J. 305 Fordham Urban Law Journal Winter, 1995 Perspectives on Proposed Federal Rules of Evidence 413-415 THE FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE AND THE POLITICAL PROCESS David P. Leonard [FNa]

... the victim's violent character. See 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 63, at 1350 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983). Under the Federal Rules, the defendant in a criminal case is permitted to offer evidence of a pertinent ...

... Id. at 475 -76 (footnotes and citations omitted). [FN31]. 1A Wigmore , supra note 27, s 54.1, at 1150 -51. Tillers' reference to the autonomy thesis probably refers to the philosophical position that an individual's nature is not immutable -- that ...

366.

22 Fordham Urb. L.J. 343 Fordham Urban Law Journal Winter, 1995 Perspectives on Proposed Federal Rules of Evidence 413-415 AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION CRIMINAL JUSTICE SECTION REPORT TO THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES

... to be similar, is greatly diminished). [FN11]. 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 58.2 (Peter Tillers ed., 1983). [FN12]. See, e.g., National Research Council, DNA Technology in Forensic Science 88 (1992); Begley, et. al., Blood, Hair ...

367.

85 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 676 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Winter, 1995 Criminology THE RELEVANCE OF "MATCHING" DNA: IS THE WINDOW HALF OPEN OR HALF SHUT? D.H. Kaye [FNa1]

... 439 (1986), reprinted in PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE: THE USES AND LIMITS OF BAYESIANISM 61 (Peter Tillers & Eric D. Green eds., 1988) [hereinafter Tillis & Green]; Richard Friedman, Character Impeachment Evidence: Psycho-Bayesian [[[!?] Analysis and a Proposed ...

...without a commitment to Bayesian reasoning in general. See, e.g., D.H. Kaye, Introduction: What is Bayesianism?, in Tillers & Green, supra, at 1. There are critics of the Michigan School, but they do not always offer clear alternatives. See, ...

368.

52 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1523 Washington and Lee Law Review 1995 THE FOUR GREATEST MYTHS ABOUT SUMMARY JUDGMENT James Joseph Duane [FNa1]

... of rules or statutes which operate to admit hearsay evidence"); see also 1 Wigmore, Evidence § 4, at 42 n.15 (Tillers rev. 1983) ("In some interlocutory proceedings, however -- as in motions for summary judgment -- the rules of admissibility are ...

369.

32 Hous. L. Rev. 317 Houston Law Review 1995 SOFTWARE COPYRIGHT: SLIDING SCALES AND ABSTRACTED EXPRESSION Raymond T. Nimmer [FNa] Patricia Ann Krauthaus [FNaa]

... of copyright infringement). [FN156]. See 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law S 10, at 667 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (explaining that all facts with rational probative value are admissible barring a prohibitory rule). [FN157]. See id. S ...

370.

26 Tex. Tech. L. Rev. 553 Texas Tech Law Review 1995 Surveys CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Cathleen C. Herasimchuk [FNa1]

... EVIDENCE § 182, at 536 (3d ed. 1984); 1 JOHN H. WIGMORE, WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE § 21, at 884-96 (Peter Tillers rev. ed. 1983); Alexander Holtzoff, Shortcomings in the Administration of Criminal Law, 17 HASTINGS L.J. 17, 19 (1965). [FN106]. United ...

371.

93 Mich. L. Rev. 439 Michigan Law Review December, 1994 CONDITIONAL PROBATIVE VALUE: NEOCLASSICISM WITHOUT MYTH Richard D. Friedman [FNa]

... under attack from several notable scholars. The late Vaughn Ball led the assault, calling the concept a "myth." [FN6] Peter Tillers, finding Ball's analysis to have some merit [FN7] but not to be entirely satisfying, concludes that "[a]s a device for ...

... D.Phil. 1979, Oxford. -- Ed. Many thanks for helpful comments, suggestions, and criticisms to Ron Allen, Rick Lempert, and Peter Tillers, and especially to Dale Nance for the extraordinary energy he put into making extremely useful comments and corrections. [FN1]. See, ...

...[FN7]. See 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence s 14.1, at 718, 725 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983) [hereinafter Wigmore (Tillers ed. )]. [FN8]. Id. s 14.1, at 730 -31. [FN9]. See Dale A. Nance, ...

372.

93 Mich. L. Rev. 478 Michigan Law Review December, 1994 Response EXAGGERATED AND MISLEADING REPORTS OF THE DEATH OF CONDITIONAL RELEVANCE Peter Tillers [FNa]

...December, 1994 Response EXAGGERATED AND MISLEADING REPORTS OF THE DEATH OF CONDITIONAL RELEVANCE Peter Tillers [FNa] Copyright © 1994 Michigan Law Review Association; Peter Tillers I In 1980 the late Professor Vaughn C. Ball of ...

...[FN3]. See, e.g., 1 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence s 14.1, at 724 -30 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983) [hereinafter Wigmore (Tillers ed.)]; Dale A. Nance, Conditional Relevance Reinterpreted, 70 B.U. L. Rev. 447, 448 (1990). ...

... to draw a distinction between conditional relevance as a legal doctrine and conditional relevance as an analytical concept. See Wigmore (Tillers ed.), supra note 3, s 14.1, at 703. [FN7]. The chain-like character of inference has been recognized by many observers. ...

373.

74 B.U. L. Rev. 819 Boston University Law Review November, 1994 SPELLING GUILT OUT OF A RECORD? HARMLESS-ERROR REVIEW OF CONCLUSIVE MANDATORY PRESUMPTIONS AND ELEMENTAL MISDESCRIPTIONS John M.M. Greabe [FNa]

... the government and society). [FN11]. See 1 John H. Wigmore, Evidence s 21, at 884 - 87 & nn.2-5 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983) (showing that regardless of prejudicial impact, a new trial occurred only when the appellate court disagreed with the ...

374.

63 U. Cin. L. Rev. 165 University of Cincinnati Law Review Fall 1994 Symposium on Law, Literature and the Humanities THE TREACHERY OF PERCEPTION: EVIDENCE AND EXPERIENCE IN CLARISSA Judy M. Cornett [FNa]

... supra note 7, at 188-89, 196. However, Twining does include Gilbert in the "rationalist tradition." Id. at 71-72. [FN12]. Peter Tillers, Introduction , 66 B.U. L. Rev. 381, 382 (1986). In 1986, William Twining complained that traditional evidence scholarship, which he ...

... Richard Lempert, The New Evidence Scholarship: Analyzing the Process of Proof , 66 B.U. L. Rev. 439 (1986); see Peter Tillers, Intellectual History, Probability, and the Law of Evidence , 91 Mich. L. Rev. 1465, 1466 n.16 (1993) [hereinafter Tillers, Intellectual ...

... at 217. [FN24]. William Twining, The Boston Symposium: A Comment , 66 B.U. L. Rev. 391, 396 (1986). [FN25]. Peter Tillers has criticized Shapiro for "explain [ing] the emergence of rules of evidence . . . by reference to this transformation ...

375.

43 Emory L.J. 927 Emory Law Journal Summer 1994 The Randolph W. Thrower Symposium COPING WITH SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE: THE USE OF SPECIAL MASTERS Margaret G. Farrell [FNa]

... supra note 32, at 396. [FN35] John W. Strong, McCormick on Evidence §§ 10, 11 (4th ed. 1992). See Peter Tillers & David Schum, Hearsay Logic , 76 Minn. L. Rev. 813, 815 (1992) ("The law of evidence, by its nature, is ...

376.

23 Stetson L. Rev. 743 Stetson Law Review Summer 1994 A REVIEW AND RECONSIDERATION OF FLORIDA'S RULE AGAINST BASING AN INFERENCE ON AN INFERENCE IN CIVIL CASES Michael Foster [FNa]

... Tampa, 1962; J.D., Stetson University College of Law, 1965. [FN1]. 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence S 41, at 1112 (Peter Tillers rev. 1983). [FN2]. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language 978 (2d ed. 1987). [FN3]. Black's Law Dictionary, 778 ...

...Tillers rev. 1983)). [FN356]. Id. (quoting 1A J. Wigmore, Evidence, S 41, at 1138) (Peters Tillers rev. 1983)). [FN357]. State v. ...

377.

24 N.M. L. Rev. 427 New Mexico Law Review Summer, 1994 Criminal Law NEW MEXICO REJECTS THE "LEWD AND LASCIVIOUS" EXCEPTION TO RULE 404(B): STATE v. LUCERO Sarah B. Colley

...[FN67]. Id. at 493, 840 P.2d at 1259. [FN68]. See 1A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE § 54.1 n.2 (Tillers rev. 1983). [FN69]. Lucero, 114 N.M. at 494, 840 P.2d at 1260. [FN70]. 115 N.M. 61, 846 P.2d 1070 (Ct. ...

378.

15 Cardozo L. Rev. 1799 Cardozo Law Review April, 1994 Scientific Evidence After the Death of Frye CHECK YOUR CRYSTAL BALL AT THE COURTHOUSE DOOR, PLEASE: EXPLORING THE PAST, UNDERSTANDING THE PRESENT, AND WORRYING ABOUT THE FUTURE OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE David L. Faigman Elise Porter Michael J. Saks [FNa]

... by offers of hearsay evidence." United States v. Downing, 753 F.2d 1224, 1240 n.21 (3d Cir. 1985). See generally Peter Tillers & David Schum, Hearsay Logic, 76 Minn. L. Rev. 813 (1992) (discussing the necessity of having a theory about behavioral characteristics ...

379.

15 Cardozo L. Rev. 2183 Cardozo Law Review April, 1994 Scientific Evidence After the Death of Frye DAUBERT v. MERRELL DOW PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.: EPISTEMIOLOGY AND LEGAL PROCESS [FNa] Margaret G. Farrell [FNaa]

... evidence, evidentiary reliability will be based upon scientific validity. Id. FN[FN21]. Id. FN[FN22]. Id. (emphasis in original). See generally Peter Tillers & David Schum, Hearsay Logic, 76 Minn. L. Rev. 813 (1992). Relevance, too, is dependent on a finding that the evidence ...

...see Tillers & Schum, supra note 22, at 815-16 (noting that "the law of evidence, by its nature, is a type of epistemological ...

380.

46 Stan. L. Rev. 959 Stanford Law Review April, 1994 Note DESPITE THE SMOKE, THERE IS NO GUN: DIRECT EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS IN MIXED-MOTIVES EMPLOYMENT LAW AFTER PRICE WATERHOUSE v. HOPKINS Michael A. Zubrensky [FNa1]

... supra note 24, at 1389. [FN172]. 1A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 26, at 957 (Tillers rev. 1983); see also RONALD L. CARLSON, EDWARD J. IMWINKELRIED & EDWARD J. KIONKA, EVIDENCE IN THE NINETIES: CASES, MATERIALS ...

381

68 Tul. L. Rev. 1029 Tulane Law Review March, 1994 Book Review IDEOLOGY AND THE STRICTURES OF LEGAL NARRATIVE Trent 1475: Stories of a Ritual Murder Trial, by Ronnie Pochia Hsia. [FNd] Yale University Press, 1992, 173 Pages. William H. Page [FNa]

... in legal proceedings, see generally Ronald J. Allen, The Nature of Juridical Proof, 13 CARDOZO L. REV. 373 (1991); Peter Tillers & David Schum, A Theory of Preliminary Fact Investigation, 24 U.C. DAVIS L. REV. 931 (1991); Neil J. Vidmar & Regina ...

382

78 Minn. L. Rev. 529 Minnesota Law Review February, 1994 "OTHER CRIMES" EVIDENCE IN SEX OFFENSE CASES David P. Bryden [FNa] Roger C. Park [FNaa]

... was naked. Id. at 203. [FN37]. 1A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 55, at 1160-61 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983) [hereinafter WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE]. [FN38]. See infra note 115. [FN39]. In an article that describes practically all ...

383

47 Vand. L. Rev. 43 Vanderbilt Law Review January, 1994 HEARSAY AND INFORMAL REASONING Craig R. Callen [FNa1]

... like to thank Ronald J. Allen, Richard B. Kuhns, William H. Page, Roger C. Park, Michael L. Siegel, and Peter Tillers for comments on various drafts over a number of years; Pamela S. Gerity, Anthony C. Hayes, M. Michelle Van Hook, ...

... Credibility and Hearsay, 96 Yale L.J. 667 (1987); David Schum, Hearsay from a Layperson, 14 Cardozo L.Rev. 1 (1992); Peter Tillers and David Schum, Hearsay Logic, 76 Minn.L.Rev. 813 (1992). Professors Schum and Tillers reserve judgment about the wisdom of the ...

... (1992). Professors Schum and Tillers reserve judgment about the wisdom of the existing hearsay rules for a number of reasons. Tillers and Schum, 76 Minn.L.Rev. at 857-58 & n.55. Professor Friedman briefly exposes the inconsistency between wholesale treatment of implied assertions ...

384

14 Chicano-Latino L. Rev. 20 Chicano-Latino Law Review Winter 1994 Crime & Justice CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS: THE NEED FOR A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD BANDAID R. Samuel Paz [FNd]

... Id. [FN14]. 325 U.S. at 104; see supra note 8. [FN15]. See, e.g., John H. Wigmore , Evidence s 103 (Tillers Rev. 1983); Wayne R. LaFave & Austin W. Scott, Jr. , Handbook on Criminal Law s 27 (1972). [FN16]. See ...

385

28 Law & Soc'y Rev. 833 Law and Society Review 1994 A Status Theory of Evidence EVIDENCE AS PARTISANSHIP Mark Cooney [FNa1]

... debate about the nature and role of probability theory and mathematics in establishing legal proof (e.g., Cohen 1977; Eggleston 1978; Tillers & Green 1988). Evidence scholarship also has a well-developed empirical dimension. Social psychologists work on various aspects of evidence (e.g., Kassin ...

...Tillers, Peter, & Eric D. Green (1988) Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence: The Uses and Limits of Bayesianism. ...

386

1994 Wis. L. Rev. 1119 Wisconsin Law Review 1994 WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE COMMON LAW?--RECENT AMERICAN CODIFICATIONS, AND THEIR IMPACT ON JUDICIAL PRACTICE AND THE LAW'S SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT Mark D. Rosen [FNa1]

... and socially unite the newly politically united Germany. [FN36]. Cf. 1 JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE § 8c, at 630-31 (Peter Tillers rev., 1983) ("You cannot by fiat legislate away the brain-coils of one hundred thousand lawyers and judges, or the traditions ...

... that authors of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century evidence treatises employed doctrines of relevance that incorporated theories of inferentiation, see Peter Tillers, Webs of Things in the Mind: A New Science of Evidence, 87 Mich. L. Rev. 1225, 1225 (1989), the expansive ...

387

70 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 3 Chicago-Kent Law Review 1994 Symposium on the Admission of Prior Offense Evidence in Sexual Assault Cases FOREWORD: DO WE REALLY WANT TO KNOW THE DEFENDANT? Dale A. Nance [FNa]

... in litigation settings. Inferences at trial are still inductive in character. See generally 1A John H. Wigmore, Evidence s 30 (Tillers' rev. 1983). [FN2]. See 1A Wigmore , supra note 1, s 55. Cf. id. s 64 (in many civil controversies, ...

388

70 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 15 Chicago-Kent Law Review 1994 Symposium on the Admission of Prior Offense Evidence in Sexual Assault Cases EVIDENCE OF PROPENSITY AND PROBABILITY IN SEX OFFENSE CASES AND OTHER CASES David J. Karp [FNa]

... 75 and accompanying text. [FN44]. See id. [FN45]. 1A John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law s 62.2 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). [FN46]. Id. at 1334-36. [FN47]. E.g., Fed. R. Evid. 412. [FN48]. See Huddleston v. United States, 485 ...

389

25 U. Tol. L. Rev. 43 University of Toledo Law Review 1994 NAVIGATING BETWEEN SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS: OHIO'S EFFORTS TO PROTECT CHILDREN WITHOUT EVISCERATING THE RIGHTS OF CRIMINAL DEFENDANTS-EVIDENTIARY CONSIDERATIONS AND THE REBIRTH OF CONFRONTATION CLAUSE ANALYSIS IN CHILD ABUSE CASES Myrna S. Raeder [FNa1]

... N.E.2d 180, 183 (1990), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 881 (1990). [FN759]. See, e.g., 1 WIGMORE, EVIDENCE § 194, at 1859 (Tillers rev. 1983) (noting that factfinders either allow extrinsic acts "to bear too strongly on the present charge or to take ...

390

23 Sw. U. L. Rev. 661 Southwestern University Law Review 1994 Note and Comment REVERSALS OF FORTUNE: HOW THE NINTH CIRCUIT REVIEWS ERRONEOUSLY ADMITTED "OTHER ACTS" EVIDENCE UNDER FEDERAL RULE OF EVIDENCE 404(B) Stephanie Yost

... note 19, at 4- 5; 1A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 37.1, at 1018 (John Tillers ed., 1983) [hereinafter WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE] ("Most theorizers share the assumption that accurate factfinding should be the central purpose of ...

391

7 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 101 Harvard Journal of Law & Technology Fall, 1993 DNA EVIDENCE: PROBABILITY, POPULATION GENETICS, AND THE COURTS David H. Kaye [FNa]

... What is Bayesianism?, in PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE IN THE LAW OF EVIDENCE: THE LIMITS AND USES OF BAYESIANISM 1 (P. Tillers & E.C. Green eds., 1988), reprinted as What is Bayesianism? A Guide for the Perplexed, 28 JURIMETRICS J. 161 (1988). ...

392

15 Cardozo L. Rev. 13 Cardozo Law Review October, 1993 Dedication JACOB BURNS AND THE INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES David Gray Carlson [FNa1]

... of permanent and visiting faculty members were dedicated Hegelian scholars. These included Drucilla Cornell, Michel Rosenfeld, Arthur Jacobson, and Peter Tillers. These four persons--three of whom were visitors--constituted a large percentage of all law professors in the United States who worked ...

... longest law review symposium in American history. [FN1] Three of the visiting professors who helped launch the project--Cornell, Rosenfeld, and Tillers--joined our faculty full time. The Law Review editor who supervised the conference, Lawrence Cunningham, has also joined the faculty. The ...

... and its implications for law. The Institute has also sponsored the International Seminar on Evidence in Litigation, of which Professor Tillers is the director. This Seminar has, among many other things, produced a symposium, Decision and Inference in Litigation, [FN16] which ...

393

21 Am. J. Crim. L. 127 American Journal of Criminal Law Fall, 1993 Special Issue: Sex and the Criminal Law READING GAOL REVISITED: ADMISSION OF UNCHARGED MISCONDUCT EVIDENCE IN SEX OFFENDER CASES Thomas J. Reed [FNa1]

... the prosecution may not initially attack the defendant's character." 1 JOHN H. WIGMORE, WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE § 57, at 1185 (Tillers rev. 1983). Wigmore explains the rationale of the rule: This policy of the Anglo-American law is more or less due ...

...[FN13]. This same point has been suggested by other authors. For example, Peter Tillers asserts that the character evidence rule is often eviscerated in practice by the principle of multiple admissibility which permits prohibited ...

... of the many exceptions to the ban against character evidence. 1 WIGMORE, supra note 7, § 54.1, at 1151-52 (quoting Tillers). [FN14]. Getz v. State, 538 A.2d 726, 728 (Del. 1988). [FN15]. Id. [FN16]. DEL. R. EVID. ("Order" preceding numbered rules). ...

394

45 S.C. L. Rev. 90 South Carolina Law Review Autumn, 1993 Annual Survey of South Carolina Law I. COURT APPROVES ADMISSION OF "VICTIM IMPACT" EVIDENCE John G. Felder, Jr.

... at 382, 401 S.E.2d at 149 (citing 1 JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 10a (Peter Tillers rev., 3d ed., Little, Brown & Co. 1983)). [FN75]. See 1 JACK B. WEINSTEIN & MARGARET A. BERGER, WEINSTEIN'S EVIDENCE ...

395

67 Conn. B.J. 281 Connecticut Bar Journal August, 1993 UNCHARGED-MISCONDUCT EVIDENCE AND THE ISSUE OF INTENT: LIMITING THE NEED FOR ADMISSIBILITY Edward G. Mascolo [FNa1]

...181, 471 A.2d 949, 957 (1984) (Shea, J., dissenting); 1 A. JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE § 58.2, at 1212 (P. Tillers rev. 1983 & Supp.1993); M.C. Slough & J. Williams Knightly, Other Vices, Other Crimes, 41 IOWA L.REV. 325 (1956). [FN22] ...

396

71 Wash. U. L.Q. 467 Washington University Law Quarterly Summer, 1993 Case Comment PAYING THE "TRADITIONAL PRICE" OF DISCLOSURE: THE THIRD CIRCUIT REJECTS LIMITED WAIVER OF THE ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP. v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, 951 F.2D 1414 (3D CIR.1991) Jill A. Hornstein

... 951 F.2d at 1421. [FN17]. Id. at 1431. [FN18]. See 8 JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, WIGMORE ON EVIDENCE § 2290 (Peter Tillers et al. eds., 4th ed. 1961). The attorney-client privilege is the oldest common-law protection for confidential communications. The privilege originally ...

397

27 U. Rich. L. Rev. 751 University of Richmond Law Review Summer, 1993 Annual Survey of Virginia Law CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE Steven D. Benjamin [FNa]

... v. Commonwealth, 14 Va.App. 28, 36 n. 7, 414 S.E.2d 851, 855 (1992) (Benton, J., dissenting); JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE, (Tillers rev. 1983), cited in Hanson v. Commonwealth, 14 Va.App. 173, 416 S.E.2d 14 (1992). The most cited work is CHARLES ...

398

141 Mil. L. Rev. 171 Military Law Review Summer, 1993 THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL KENNETH J. HODSON LECTURE: UNCHARGED MISCONDUCT EVIDENCE IN SEX CRIME CASES: REASSESSING THE RULE OF EXCLUSION [FNa] Roger C. Park [FNaa] David P. Bryden [FNaaa]

... denied, 479 U.S. 882 (1986). [FN18] 1A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 216, at 1868 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). [FN19] For a similar example in the case law, see State v. Wallace, 431 A.2d 613 (Me. ...

...[FN61] 3A JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 924a, at 736 (Tillers rev. ed. 1983). [FN62] ESTRICH, supra note 35, at 54. [FN63] Id. at 29-30 (describing cases such as Brown v. ...

399

71 Tex. L. Rev. 1541 Texas Law Review June, 1993 Symposium: Regulating the Electoral Process PUBLIC CHOICE, CIVIL REPUBLICANISM, AND AMERICAN POLITICS: PERSPECTIVES OF A "REASONABLE CHOICE" MODELER Bernard Grofman [FNa1]

... of Cascaded Inference Models: Examples in Jurisprudence, in 2 COGNITIVE THEORY 149, 251 (N.J. Castellan et al. eds., 1977); Peter Tillers & David Schum, Hearsay Logic, 76 MINN.L.REV. 813, 833-36 (1992). [FN181]. See Schum, supra note 180, at 159; David Schum, Current ...

400

11 Law & Ineq. 417 Law and Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice June, 1993 THE COURTS' ROLE IN PRESERVING THE FAMILY FARM DURING BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS INVOLVING FMHA LOANS Carol Ann Eiden [FNa1]

... erosion on land considered highly erodible, which encompasses one-third of the Midwest's farmland. George Gunset, Farmers' Annual Ritual: Spring Gamble Tillers of Soil Ponder Ways to Reap Greatest Returns, CHI. TRIB., Apr. 12, 1992, at 3C. [FN65]. Darrel Good, University of ...

401

91 Mich. L. Rev. 1465 Michigan Law Review May, 1993 1993 Survey of Books Relating to the Law INTELLECTUAL HISTORY, PROBABILITY, AND THE LAW OF EVIDENCE "Beyond Reasonable Doubt" and "Probable Cause": Historical Perspectives on the Anglo-American Law of Evidence. By Barbara J. Shapiro. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1991. Pp. xv, 365. $42.50. Peter Tillers [FNa]

... the Anglo-American Law of Evidence. By Barbara J. Shapiro. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1991. Pp. xv, 365. $42.50. Peter Tillers [FNa] Copyright © 1993 by The Michigan Law Review Association; Peter Tillers INTRODUCTION Revolutions are proclaimed more often than they ...

... HARV. L. REV. 141, 144-45 (1889); see also 1 JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW § 10 (Tillers rev., 1983); 1A JOHN H. WIGMORE, EVIDENCE IN TRIALS AT COMMON LAW §§ 38-41 (Tillers rev., 1983) (citing numerous cases ...

... Legal Process, 84 HARV. L. REV. 1329 (1971). [FN19]. The new evidence scholarship is not a monolithic intellectual movement. Peter Tillers, Introduction to Symposium, Probability and Inference in the Law of Evidence, 66 B.U. L. REV. 381, 382-83, 389-90 (1986); Peter ...

402

91 Mich. L. Rev. 1442 Michigan Law Review May, 1993 1993 Survey of Books Relating to the Law TAKING FACT ANALYSIS SERIOUSLY Analysis of Evidence: How To Do Things with Facts Based on Wigmore's Science of Judicial Proof. By Terence Anderson and William Twining. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Co. 1991. Pp. xxx, 457. $24. Bernard Robertson [FNa] G.A. Vignaux [FNaa]

... to the ultimate probandum from the mess of facts brought to an attorney by a client or complainant. Schum and Tillers suggest devices such as chronologies, analysis by issue, analysis by factual hypothesis, and the method of multiple working hypotheses. [FN23] ...